E Numbers
Isn't it reassuring to know that our food is this nutritious?

E100 Curcumin, turmeric [Colouring]

E101 Riboflavin (Vitamin B2), formerly called lactoflavin (Vitamin G) [Colouring] [likely to be GM]

E101a Riboflavin-5'-Phosphate [Colouring] [likely to be GM]

E102 Tartrazine, FD&C Yellow 5 [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E103 Chrysoine Resorcinol [Colouring]

E104 Quinoline Yellow [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E105 Fast Yellow AB [Colouring]

E106 Riboflavin-5-Sodium Phosphate [Colouring]

E107 Yellow 2G [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E110 Sunset Yellow FCF, Orange Yellow S, FD&C Yellow 6 [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E111 Orange GGN [Colouring]

E120 Cochineal, Carminic acid, Carmines, Natural Red 4 [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction] [animal origin]

E121 Orcein, Orchil [Colouring]

E122 Carmoisine, Azorubine [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E123 Amaranth, FD&C Red 2 [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E124 Ponceau 4R, Cochineal Red A, Brilliant Scarlet 4R [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E125 Scarlet GN [Colouring]

E126 Ponceau 6R [Colouring]

E127 Erythrosine, FD&C Red 3 [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E128 Red 2G [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E129 Allura Red AC, FD&C Red 40 [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E130 Indanthrene blue RS [Colouring]

E131 Patent Blue V [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E132 Indigo carmine, Indigotine, FD&C Blue 2 [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E133 Brilliant Blue FCF, FD&C Blue 1 [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E140 Chlorophylls and Chlorophyllins: (i) Chlorophylls (ii) Chlorophyllins [Colouring]

E141 Copper complexes of chlorophylls and chlorophyllins (i) Copper complexes of chlorophylls (ii) Copper complexes of chlorophyllins [Colouring]

E142 Greens S [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E150a Plain Caramel [Colouring] [likely to be GM]

E150b Caustic sulphite caramel [Colouring] [likely to be GM]

E150c Ammonia caramel [Colouring] [likely to be GM]

E150d Sulphite ammonia caramel [Colouring] [likely to be GM]

E151 Black PN, Brilliant Black BN [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E152 Black 7984 [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E153 Carbon black, Vegetable carbon [Colouring] [likely to be GM] [possibly of animal origin]

E154 Brown FK, Kipper Brown [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E155 Brown HT, Chocolate brown HT [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E160a Alpha-carotene, Beta-carotene, Gamma-carotene [Colouring]

E160b Annatto, bixin, norbixin [Colouring] [possible allergic reaction]

E160c Capsanthin, capsorubin, Paprika extract [Colouring]

E160d Lycopene [Colouring] [possibly GM]

E160e Beta-apo-8'-carotenal (C 30) [Colouring]

E160f Ethyl ester of beta-apo-8'-carotenic acid (C 30) [Colouring]

E161a Flavoxanthin [Colouring]

E161b Lutein [Colouring]

E161c Cryptoaxanthin [Colouring] [likely to be GM]

E161d Rubixanthin [Colouring]

E161e Violaxanthin [Colouring]

E161f Rhodoxanthin [Colouring]

E161g Canthaxanthin [Colouring] [possibly of animal origin]

E162 Beetroot Red, Betanin [Colouring]

E163 Anthocyanins [Colouring]

E170 Calcium carbonate, Chalk [Colouring]

E171 Titanium dioxide [Colouring]

E172 Iron oxides and hydroxides [Colouring]

E173 Aluminium [Colouring]

E174 Silver [Colouring]

E175 Gold [Colouring]

E180 Pigment Rubine, Lithol Rubine BK [Colouring]

E181 Tannin [Colouring]

E200 Sorbic acid [Preservative]

E201 Sodium sorbate [Preservative]

E202 Potassium sorbate [Preservative]

E203 Calcium sorbate [Preservative]

E210 Benzoic acid [Preservative] [possible allergic reaction]

E211 Sodium benzoate [Preservative] [possible allergic reaction]

E212 Potassium benzoate [Preservative] [possible allergic reaction]

E213 Calcium benzoate [Preservative] [possible allergic reaction]

E214 Ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate [Preservative] [possible allergic reaction]

E215 Sodium ethyl para-hydroxybenzoate [Preservative] [possible allergic reaction]

E216 Propyl para-hydroxybenzoate [Preservative] [possible allergic reaction]

E217 Sodium propyl para-hydroxybenzoate [Preservative] [possible allergic reaction]

E218 Methyl para-hydroxybenzoate [Preservative] [possible allergic reaction]

E219 Sodium methyl para-hydroxybenzoate [Preservative] [possible allergic reaction]

E220 Sulphur dioxide [Preservative] [possible allergic reaction]

E221 Sodium sulphite [Preservative] [possible allergic reaction]

E222 Sodium hydrogen sulphite [Preservative] [possible allergic reaction]

E223 Sodium metabisulphite [Preservative] [possible allergic reaction]

E224 Potassium metabisulphite [Preservative] [possible allergic reaction]

E226 Calcium sulphite [Preservative] [possible allergic reaction]

E227 Calcium hydrogen sulphite [Preservative] [Firming Agent] [possible allergic reaction]

E228 Potassium hydrogen sulphite [Preservative] [possible allergic reaction]

E230 Biphenyl, diphenyl [Preservative]

E231 Orthophenyl phenol [Preservative]

E232 Sodium orthophenyl phenol [Preservative]

E233 Thiabendazole [Preservative]

E234 Nisin [Preservative]

E235 Natamycin, Pimaracin [Preservative]

E236 Formic acid [Preservative]

E237 Sodium formiate [Preservative]

E238 Calcium formiate [Preservative]

E239 Hexamethylene tetramine, Hexamine [Preservative]

E240 Formaldehyde [Preservative]

E242 Dimethyl dicarbonate [Preservative]

E249 Potassium nitrite [Preservative]

E250 Sodium nitrite [Preservative]

E251 Sodium nitrate, saltpetre [Preservative]

E252 Potassium nitrate (Saltpetre) [Preservative] [possibly of animal origin]

E260 Acetic acid [Preservative] [Acidity regulator]

E261 Potassium acetate [Preservative] [Acidity regulator]

E262 Sodium acetates (i) Sodium acetate (ii) Sodium hydrogen acetate (sodium diacetate) [Preservative] [Acidity regulator]

E263 Calcium acetate [Preservative] [Acidity regulator]

E264 Ammonium acetate [Preservative]

E270 Lactic acid [Preservative] [Acid] [Antioxidant] [possibly of animal origin]

E280 Propionic acid [Preservative]

E281 Sodium propionate [Preservative]

E282 Calcium propionate [Preservative] [possible allergic reaction]

E283 Potassium propionate [Preservative]

E284 Boric acid [Preservative]

E285 Sodium tetraborate (borax) [Preservative]

E290 Carbon dioxide [Acidity regulator]

E296 Malic acid [Acid] [Acidity regulator]

E297 Fumaric acid [Acidity regulator]

E300 Ascorbic acid (Vitamin C) [Antioxidant]

E301 Sodium ascorbate [Antioxidant]

E302 Calcium ascorbate [Antioxidant]

E303 Potassium ascorbate [Antioxidant]

E304 Fatty acid esters of ascorbic acid (i) Ascorbyl palmitate (ii) Ascorbyl stearate [Antioxidant]

E306 Tocopherol-rich extract (natural) [Antioxidant] [possibly GM]

E307 Alpha-tocopherol (synthetic) [Antioxidant] [possibly GM]

E308 Gamma-tocopherol (synthetic) [Antioxidant] [possibly GM]

E309 Delta-tocopherol (synthetic) [Antioxidant] [possibly GM]

E310 Propyl gallate [Antioxidant] [possible allergic reaction]

E311 Octyl gallate [Antioxidant] [possible allergic reaction]

E312 Dodecyl gallate [Antioxidant] [possible allergic reaction]

E315 Erythorbic acid [Antioxidant]

E316 Sodium erythorbate [Antioxidant]

E317 Erythorbin acid [Antioxidant]

E318 Sodium erythorbin [Antioxidant]

E319 Butylhydroxinon [Antioxidant]

E320 Butylated hydroxyanisole (BHA) [Antioxidant]

E321 Butylated hydroxytoluene (BHT) [Antioxidant] [possible allergic reaction]

E322 Lecithin [Emulsifier][likely to be GM] [possibly of animal origin]

E325 Sodium lactate [Antioxidant] [possibly of animal origin]

E326 Potassium lactate [Antioxidant] [Acidity regulator] [possibly of animal origin]

E327 Calcium lactate [Antioxidant] [possibly of animal origin]

E329 Magnesium lactate [Antioxidant]

E330 Citric acid [Antioxidant]

E331 Sodium citrates (i) Monosodium citrate (ii) Disodium citrate (iii) Trisodium citrate [Antioxidant]

E332 Potassium citrates (i) Monopotassium citrate (ii) Tripotassium citrate [Antioxidant]

E333 Calcium citrates (i) Monocalcium citrate (ii) Dicalcium citrate (iii) Tricalcium citrate [Acidity regulator] [Firming Agent]

E334 Tartaric acid (L(+)-) [Acid] [Antioxidant]

E335 Sodium tartrates (i) Monosodium tartrate (ii) Disodium tartrate [Antioxidant]

E336 Potassium tartrates (i) Monopotassium tartrate (cream of tartar) (ii) Dipotassium tartrate [Antioxidant]

E337 Sodium potassium tartrate [Antioxidant]

E338 Phosphoric acid [Antioxidant]

E339 Sodium phosphates (i) Monosodium phosphate (ii) Disodium phosphate (iii) Trisodium phosphate [Antioxidant]

E340 Potassium phosphates (i) Monopotassium phosphate (ii) Dipotassium phosphate (iii) Tripotassium phosphate [Antioxidant]

E341 Calcium phosphates (i) Monocalcium phosphate (ii) Dicalcium phosphate (iii) Tricalcium phosphate [Anti-caking agent] [Firming Agent]

E343 Magnesium phosphates (i) monomagnesium phosphate (ii) Dimagnesium phosphate [Anti-caking agent]

E350 Sodium malates (i) Sodium malate (ii) Sodium hydrogen malate [Acidity regulator]

E351 Potassium malate [Acidity regulator]

E352 Calcium malates (i) Calcium malate (ii) Calcium hydrogen malate [Acidity regulator]

E353 Metatartaric acid [Emulsifier]

E354 Calcium tartrate [Emulsifier]

E355 Adipic acid [Acidity regulator]

E356 Sodium adipate [Acidity regulator]

E357 Potassium adipate [Acidity regulator]

E363 Succinic acid [Acidity regulator]

E365 Sodium fumarate [Acidity regulator]

E366 Potassium fumarate [Acidity regulator]

E367 Calcium fumarate[Acidity regulator]

E370 I,4-Heptonolactone [Acidity regulator]

E375 Nicotinic acid, Niacin, Nicotinamide [Colour Retention Agent] [possible allergic reaction]

E380 Triammonium citrate [Acidity regulator]

E381 Ammoniumferrocitrate [Acidity regulator]

E385 Calcium disodium ethylene diamine tetra-acetate (Calcium disodium EDTA)

E400 Alginic acid [Thickener] [Stabiliser] [Gelling agent] [Emulsifier]

E401 Sodium alginate [Thickener] [Stabiliser] [Gelling agent] [Emulsifier]

E402 Potassium alginate [Thickener] [Stabiliser] [Gelling agent] [Emulsifier]

E403 Ammonium alginate [Thickener] [Stabiliser] [Emulsifier]

E404 Calcium alginate [Thickener] [Stabiliser] [Gelling agent] [Emulsifier]

E405 Propane-1,2-diol alginate (Propylene glycol alginate) [Thickener] [Stabiliser] [Emulsifier]

E406 Agar [Thickener] [Gelling agent] [Stabiliser]

E407 Carrageenan [Thickener] [Stabiliser] [Gelling agent] [Emulsifier] [possible allergic reaction]

E407a Processed eucheuma seaweed [Thickener] [Stabiliser] [Gelling agent] [Emulsifier]

E410 Locust bean gum (Carob gum) [Thickener] [Stabiliser] [Gelling agent] [Emulsifier]

E412 Guar gum [Thickener] [Stabiliser]

E413 Tragacanth [Thickener] [Stabiliser] [Emulsifier] [possible allergic reaction]

E414 Acacia gum (gum arabic) [Thickener] [Stabiliser] [Emulsifier] [possible allergic reaction]

E415 Xanthan gum [Thickener] [Stabiliser] [possibly GM]

E416 Kaya gum [Thickener] [Stabiliser] [Emulsifier] [possible allergic reaction]

E417 Tara gum [Thickener] [Stabiliser]

E418 Gellan gum [Thickener] [Stabiliser] [Emulsifier]

E420 Sorbitol (i) Sorbitol (ii) Sorbitol syrup [Emulsifier] [Sweetener] [Humectant]

E421 Mannitol [Anti-caking agent] [Sweetener]

E422 Glycerol [Emulsifier] [Sweetener] [possibly of animal origin]

E425 Konjac (i) Konjac gum (ii) Konjac glucomannane [Emulsifier]

E430 Polyoxyethylene (8) stearate [Emulsifier] [Stabiliser] [possible allergic reaction] [possibly of animal origin]

E431 Polyoxyethylene (40) stearate [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E432 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monolaurate (polysorbate 20) [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E433 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monooleate (polysorbate 80) [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E434 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monopalmitate (polysorbate 40) [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E435 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan monostearate (polysorbate 60) [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E436 Polyoxyethylene (20) sorbitan tristearate (polysorbate 65) [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E440 Pectins (i) pectin (ii) amidated pectin [Emulsifier]

E441 Gelatine [Emulsifier] [Gelling agent] [animal origin]

E442 Ammonium phosphatides [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E444 Sucrose acetate isobutyrate [Emulsifier]

E445 Glycerol esters of wood rosins [Emulsifier]

E450 Diphosphates (i) Disodium diphosphate (ii) Trisodium diphosphate(iii) Tetrasodium diphosphate (iv) Dipotassium diphosphate (v) Tetrapotassium diphosphate (vi) Dicalcium diphosphate (vii) Calcium dihydrogen diphosphate [Emulsifier]

E451 Triphosphates (i) Pentasodium triphosphate (ii) Pentapotassium triphosphate [Emulsifier]

E452 Polyphosphates (i) Sodium polyphosphates (ii) Potassium polyphosphates (iii) Sodium calcium polyphosphate (iv) Calcium polyphophates [Emulsifier]

E459 Beta-cyclodextrine [Emulsifier]

E460 Cellulose (i) Microcrystalline cellulose (ii) Powdered cellulose [Emulsifier]

E461 Methyl cellulose [Emulsifier]

E462 Ethyl cellulose [Emulsifier]

E463 Hydroxy propyl cellulose [Emulsifier]

E464 Hydroxy propyl methyl cellulose [Emulsifier]

E465 Ethyl methyl cellulose [Emulsifier]

E466 Carboxy methyl cellulose, Sodium carboxy methyl cellulose [Emulsifier]

E468 Crosslinked sodium carboxymethyl cellulose [Emulsifier]

E469 Enzymically hydrolysed carboxymethylcellulose [Emulsifier]

E470a Sodium, potassium and calcium salts of fatty acids [Emulsifier] [Anti-caking agent] [possibly of animal origin]

E470b Magnesium salts of fatty acids [Emulsifier] [Anti-caking agent] [possibly of animal origin]

E471 Mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids (glyceryl monostearate, glyceryl distearate) [Emulsifier] [likely to be GM] [possibly of animal origin]

E472a Acetic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids [Emulsifier] [possibly GM] [possibly of animal origin]

E472b Lactic acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E472c Citric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E472d Tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E472e Mono- and diacetyl tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E472f Mixed acetic and tartaric acid esters of mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E473 Sucrose esters of fatty acids [Emulsifier] [possibly GM] [possibly of animal origin]

E474 Sucroglycerides [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E475 Polyglycerol esters of fatty acids [Emulsifier] [possibly GM] [possibly of animal origin]

E476 Polyglycerol polyricinoleate [Emulsifier] [possibly GM] [possibly of animal origin]

E477 Propane-1, 2-diol esters of fatty acids, propylene glycol esters of fatty acids [Emulsifier] [possibly GM] [possibly of animal origin]

E478 Lactylated fatty acid esters of glycerol and propane-1 [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E479b Thermally oxidized soya bean oil interacted with mono- and diglycerides of fatty acids [Emulsifier] [likely to be GM] [possibly of animal origin]

E481 Sodium stearoyl-2-lactylate [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E482 Calcium stearoyl-2-lactylate [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E483 Stearyl tartrate [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E491 Sorbitan monostearate [Emulsifier] [possibly GM] [possibly of animal origin]

E492 Sorbitan tristearate [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E493 Sorbitan monolaurate [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E494 Sorbitan monooleate [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E495 Sorbitan monopalmitate [Emulsifier] [possibly of animal origin]

E500 Sodium carbonates (i) Sodium carbonate (ii) Sodium hydrogen carbonate (Bicarbonate of soda) (iii) Sodium sesquicarbonate [Acidity regulator] [Raising Agent]

E501 Potassium carbonates (i) Potassium carbonate (ii) Potassium hydrogen carbonate [Acidity regulator]

E503 Ammonium carbonates (i) Ammonium carbonate (ii) Ammonium hydrogen carbonate [Acidity regulator]

E504 Magnesium carbonates (i) Magnesium carbonate (ii) Magnesium hydroxide carbonate (syn. Magnesium hydrogen carbonate) [Acidity regulator] [Anti-caking agent]

E507 Hydrochloric acid [Acid]

E508 Potassium chloride [Gelling agent] [Seasoning]

E509 Calcium chloride [Sequestrant] [Firming Agent]

E510 Ammonium chloride, ammonia solution [Acidity regulator] [Improving agent]

E511 Magnesium chloride [Firming Agent]

E512 Stannous chloride [Antioxidant]

E513 Sulphuric acid [Acid]

E514 Sodium sulphates (i) Sodium sulphate (ii) Sodium hydrogen sulphate [Acidity regulator]

E515 Potassium sulphates (i) Potassium sulphate (ii) Potassium hydrogen sulphate [Seasoning]

E516 Calcium sulphate [Sequestrant] [Improving agent] [Firming Agent]

E517 Ammonium sulphate [Improving agent]

E518 Magnesium sulphate, Epsom salts [Acidity regulator] [Firming Agent]

E519 Copper sulphate [Preservative]

E520 Aluminium sulphate [Firming Agent]

E521 Aluminium sodium sulphate [Firming Agent]

E522 Aluminium potassium sulphate [Acidity regulator]

E523 Aluminium ammonium sulphate [Acidity regulator]

E524 Sodium hydroxide [Acidity regulator]

E525 Potassium hydroxide [Acidity regulator]

E526 Calcium hydroxide [Acidity regulator] [Firming Agent]

E527 Ammonium hydroxide [Acidity regulator]

E528 Magnesium hydroxide [Acidity regulator]

E529 Calcium oxide [Acidity regulator] [Improving agent]

E530 Magnesium oxide [Acidity regulator] [Anti-caking agent]

E535 Sodium ferrocyanide [Acidity regulator] [Anti-caking agent]

E536 Potassium ferrocyanide [Anti-caking agent]

E538 Calcium ferrocyanide [Anti-caking agent]

E540 Dicalcium diphosphate [Acidity regulator] [Emulsifier]

E541 Sodium aluminium phosphate, acidic [Emulsifier]

E542 Bone phosphate [Anti-caking agent] [animal origin]

E543 Calcium sodium polyphosphate

E544 Calcium polyphosphate [Emulsifier]

E545 Ammonium polyphosphate [Emulsifier]

E550 Sodium silicate [Anti-caking agent]

E551 Silicon dioxide (Silica) [Emulsifier] [Anti-caking agent]

E552 Calcium silicate [Anti-caking agent]

E553a (i) Magnesium silicate (ii) Magnesium trisilicate [Anti-caking agent]

E553b Talc [Anti-caking agent] [possible allergic reaction]

E554 Sodium aluminium silicate [Anti-caking agent]

E555 Potassium aluminium silicate [Anti-caking agent]

E556 Calcium aluminium silicate [Anti-caking agent]

E558 Bentonite [Anti-caking agent]

E559 Aluminium silicate (Kaolin) [Anti-caking agent]

E570 Stearic acid (Fatty acid) [Anti-caking agent] [possibly GM] [possibly of animal origin]

E572 Magnesium stearate, calcium stearate [Emulsifier] [Anti-caking agent] [possibly GM] [possibly of animal origin]

E574 Gluconic acid [Acidity regulator]

E575 Glucono-delta-lactone [Acidity regulator] [Sequestrant]

E576 Sodium gluconate [Sequestrant]

E577 Potassium gluconate [Sequestrant]

E578 Calcium gluconate [Firming Agent]

E579 Ferrous gluconate [Colouring]

E585 Ferrous lactate [Colouring] [possibly of animal origin]

E620 Glutamic acid [Flavour enhancer] [possible reaction] [possibly GM]

E621 Monosodium glutamate [Flavour enhancer] [possible reaction] [likely to be GM]

E622 Monopotassium glutamate [Flavour enhancer] [possible reaction] [possibly GM]

E623 Calcium diglutamate [Flavour enhancer] [possible reaction] [possibly GM]

E624 Monoammonium glutamate [Flavour enhancer] [possible reaction] [possibly GM]

E625 Magnesium diglutamate [Flavour enhancer] [possible reaction] [possibly GM]

E626 Guanylic acid [Flavour enhancer]

E627 Disodium guanylate, sodium guanylate [Flavour enhancer]

E628 Dipotassium guanylate [Flavour enhancer]

E629 Calcium guanylate [Flavour enhancer]

E630 Inosinic acid [Flavour enhancer]

E631 Disodium inosinate [Flavour enhancer] [possibly of animal origin]

E632 Dipotassium inosinate [Flavour enhancer]

E633 Calcium inosinate [Flavour enhancer]

E634 Calcium 5'-ribonucleotides [Flavour enhancer]

E635 Disodium 5'-ribonucleotides [Flavour enhancer] [possibly of animal origin]

E636 Maltol [Flavour enhancer]

E637 Ethyl maltol [Flavour enhancer]

E640 Glycine and its sodium salt [Flavour enhancer] [possibly of animal origin]

E650 Zinc acetate [Flavour enhancer]

E900 Dimethyl polysiloxane [Anti-foaming agent] [Anti-caking agent]

E901 Beeswax, white and yellow [Glazing agent][possible allergic reaction] [animal origin]

E902 Candelilla wax [Glazing agent]

E903 Carnauba wax [Glazing agent] [possible allergic reaction]

E904 Shellac [Glazing agent] [animal origin]

E905 Microcrystalline wax [Glazing agent]

E907 Crystalline wax [Glazing agent]

E910 L-cysteine [animal origin]

E912 Montanic acid esters

E913 Lanolin, sheep wool grease [Glazing agent]

E914 Oxidized polyethylene wax [Glazing agent]

E915 Esters of Colophane [Glazing agent]

E920 L-cysteine hydrochloride [Improving agent] [animal origin]

E921 L-cysteine hydrochloride monohydrate [Improving agent] [animal origin]

E924 Potassium bromate [Improving agent]

E925 Chlorine [Preservative] [Bleach]

E926 Chlorine dioxide [Preservative] [Bleach]

E927b Carbamide [Improving agent]

E928 Benzole peroxide [Improving agent]

E938 Argon [Packaging gas]

E939 Helium [Packaging gas]

E941 Nitrogen [Packaging gas]

E942 Nitrous oxide [Propellant]

E943a Butane [Propellant]

E943b Iso-butane [Propellant]

E944 Propane [Propellant]

E948 Oxygen [Packaging gas]

E949 Hydrogen

E950 Acesulfame K [Sweetener]

E951 Aspartame [Sweetener] [possible reaction]

E952 Cyclamic acid and its Na and Ca salts [Sweetener]

E953 Isomalt [Sweetener]

E954 Saccharin and its Na, K and Ca salts [Sweetener]

E957 Thaumatin [Sweetener] [Flavour enhancer]

E959 Neohesperidine DC [Sweetener]

E965 Maltitol (i) Maltitol (ii) Maltitol syrup [Sweetener] [Stabiliser] [Humectant]

E966 Lactitol [Sweetener] [animal origin]

E967 Xylitol [Sweetener]

E999 Quillaia extract [Foaming Agent]

E1103 Invertase [Stabiliser]

E1105 Lysozyme [Preservative]

E1200 Polydextrose [Stabiliser] [Thickening agent] [Humectant] [Carrier]

E1201 Polyvinylpyrrolidone [Stabiliser]

E1202 Polyvinylpolypyrrolidone [Carrier] [Stabiliser]

E1400 Dextrin [Stabiliser] [Thickening agent]

E1401 Modified starch [Stabiliser] [Thickening agent]

E1402 Alkaline modified starch [Stabiliser] [Thickening agent]

E1403 Bleached starch [Stabiliser] [Thickening agent]

E1404 Oxidized starch [Emulsifier] [Thickening agent]

E1410 Monostarch phosphate [Stabiliser] [Thickening agent]

E1412 Distarch phosphate [Stabiliser] [Thickening agent]

E1413 Phosphated distarch phosphate [Stabiliser] [Thickening agent]

E1414 Acetylated distarch phosphate [Emulsifier] [Thickening agent]

E1420 Acetylated starch, mono starch acetate [Stabiliser] [Thickening agent]

E1421 Acetylated starch, mono starch acetate [Stabiliser] [Thickening agent]

E1422 Acetylated distarch adipate [Stabiliser] [Thickening agent]

E1430 Distarch glycerine [Stabiliser] [Thickening agent]

E1440 Hydroxy propyl starch [Emulsifier] [Thickening agent]

E1441 Hydroxy propyl distarch glycerine [Stabiliser] [Thickening agent]

E1442 Hydroxy propyl distarch phosphate [Stabiliser] [Thickening agent]

E1450 Starch sodium octenyl succinate [Emulsifier] [Stabiliser] [Thickening agent]

E1451 Acetylated oxidised starch [Emulsifier] [Thickening agent]

E1505 Triethyl citrate [Foam Stabiliser]

E1510 Ethanon

E1518 Glyceryl triacetate (triacetin) [Humectant]

E1520 Propylene glycol [Humectant]

For comprehensive and up-to-date coverage of the food laws in the European Union, visit the Food Law site, run by Dr David Jukes of the School of Food Biosciences at the University of Reading.

Items marked as being 'likely' or 'possibly' Genetically Modified may be derived from GM sources, mainly maize or soya, but could be tomatoes (such as E160d) or genetically modified bacteria (such as E101 and E101a).

However, because of the public backlash against GM food many manufacturers are now investigating alternative sources for soya based additives.

Bear in mind that animal products could come from animals fed on GM crops but are not indicated as being 'likely' or 'possibly' Genetically Modified.