Antioxidants in general

Abbott RA, Cox M, Markus H, Tomkins A. Diet, body size and micronutrient status in Parkinson’s disease. Eur J Clin Nutr 46:879-84, 1992.

Azen SP, Qian D, Mack W, et al. Effect of supplementary antioxidant vitamin intake on carotid arterial wall intima-media thickness in a controlled clinical trial of cholesterol lowering. Circulation 94;10:2369-72, 1996.

Bhat KS. Nutritional status of thiamine, riboflavin and pyridoxine in cataract patients. Nutr Rep Int 363:685-92, 1987.

Boers GH. Hyperhomocysteinaemia: A newly recognized risk factor for vascular disease. Neth J Med 45:1:34-41, 1994.

Boniton-Kopp C, Coudray C, Berr C, et al. Combined effects of lipid peroxidation and antioxidant status on carotid atherosclerosis in a population aged 59-71 y: The Eva study. Am J Clin Nutr 65:121-7, 1997.

Brattström L. Vitamins as homocysteine-lowering agents: A mini review. Presentation at the American Institute of Nutrition Colloquium, April 13, 1995, Atlanta, Georgia; Brattström L. Vitamins as homocysteine-lowering agents. J Nutr 126:4 Suppl:1276S-1280S, 1996.

Calzada C, Bruckdorfer K, Rice-Evans C. The influence of antioxidant nutrients on platelet function in healthy volunteers. Atherosclerosis 128;1: 97-105, 1997.

Cerhan JR, Wallace RB, Folsom AR. Antioxidant intake and risk of Parkinson’s Disease in older women. Am J Epidemiol 139;11:S65, 1994.

De Lorgeril , Boissonnat P, Salen P, et al. The beneficial effect of dietary antioxidant supplementation on platelet aggregation and cyclosporine treatment in heart transplant recipients. Transplantation 58:193-4, 1994.

De Rijk MC et al. Dietary antioxidants and Parkinson disease: The Rotterdam study. Arch Neurology 54:762-5, 1997.

Ely J. Crary, Smyrna, Georgia, USA - quoted in Zarrow S. Keep your eyes young and sharp. Prevention March, 1985, pp. 74-80; Crary E. Antioxidant treatment of macular degeneration of the aging and macularedema in diabetic retinopathy. South Med J 80 no. 9, supple 3:38, 1987.

Fahn S. An open trial of high-dosage antioxidants in early Parkinson’s disease. Am J Clin Nutr 53:380S-1S, 1991.

Gartside PS, Glueck CJ. Relationship of dietary intake to hospital admission for coronary heart and vascular disease: The NHANES II National Probability Study. J Am Coll Nutr 12:6:5676-84, 1993.

Ghosh S, et al. Dietary intake and plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins in health and disease: A hospital-based case-control study. J Nutr Environ Med 5:235-42, 1995.

Grimes JD et al. Prevention of progression of Parkinson’s disease with antioxidative therapy. Prog Neuropsychopharmacol Biol Psychiatry 122-3:165-72, 1988.

Hankinson S, Stampfer M, Seddon J, et al. Nutrient intake and cataract extraction in women: A prospective study. BMJ 305: 335-9, 1992.

Heliovaara M, Knekt P, Aho K, et al. Serum antioxidants and risk of rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 53: 51-3, 1994.

Hodis HN, Mack WJ, LaBree L, et al. Serial coronary angiographic evidence that antioxidant vitamin intake reduces progression of coronary artery atherosclerosis. JAMA 273;23:1849-54, 1995.

Ince S. Vitamin Supplements may help delay onset of AIDS. Medical Tribune September 9, p.18, 1993.

Jacques PF, Chylack LT Jr, McGandy RB, Hartz SC. Antioxidant status in persons with and without senile cataract. Arch Ophthalmol 106:3:337-40, 1988.

Jacques PF, Chylack LT Jr. Epidemiologic evidence of a role for the antioxidant vitamins and carotenoids in cataract prevention. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 352S-5S, 1991.

Jacques PH et al. Vitamin intake and senile cataract. J Am Coll Nutr 6:5:435, 1987.

Jain VK, Chandra RK. Does nutritional deficiency predispose to Acquired Immune Deficiency Syndrome (AIDS)? Nutr Res 4:537-43, 1984.

Jariwalla RJ. Micro-nutrient imbalance in HIV infection and AIDS: Relevance to pathogenesis and therapy. J Nutr Environ Med 5:297-306, 1995.

Knekt P, Reunanen A, Jarvinen R, et al. Antioxidant vitamin intake and coronary mortality in an longitudinal population study. Am JEpidemiol 139:1180-9, 1994.

Knekt P, Heliovaara M, Rissanan A, et al. Serum antioxidant vitamins and risk of cataract. BMJ 305:1392-4, 1992.

Kritchevsky SB, Shimakawa T, Tell GS, et al. Dietary antioxidants and carotid artery wall thickness: The ARIC study. Circulation 92:8:2142-50, 1995.

Manson JE, Stampfer MJ, Willett WC, et al. A prospective study of antioxidant vitamins and incidence of coronary heart disease in women. Abstract. J Am Coll Nutr 11:5:633, 1992.

Mares-Perlman J, Klein R, Klein B, et al. Relationship between age-related maculopathy and intake of vitamin and mineral supplements. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 34:1133, 1993.

McAlindon TE, Jacques P, Zhang Y, et al. Do antioxidant micronutrients protect against the development and progression of knee osteoarthritis? Arthritis Rheum 39(4): 648-56,1996.

Mastroiacovo P et al. Antioxidant Vitamins and Immunodeficiency. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 66:141-5, 1996.

Mooradian AD et al. Selected Vitamin and Mineral in Diabetes. Diabetes Care 17; 464-79, 1994.

Newsome D et al. The trace element and antioxidant economy of the human macula: Can dietary supplementation influence the course of macular degeneration? J Am Coll Nutr 10:5:536, 1991.

Olson RJ. Supplemental dietary antioxidant vitamins and minerals in patients with macular degeneration. J Am Coll Nutr 10:5:550, 1991.

Olszewski AJ et al. Reduction of plasma lipid and homocysteine levels by pyridoxine, folate, cobalamin, choline, riboflavin, and troxerutin in atherosclerosis. Atherosclerosis 75:1:1-6, 1989.

Pories WJ, Henzel JH, Hennessen JA. Proc U of Missouri First Annual Conference on Trace Substances in the Environment and Health, 1967. 1968:114.

Rath M, Pauling L. A unified theory of human cardiovascular disease leading the way to the abolition of this disease as a cause for human mortality. J Orthomol Med 7:1:5-15, 1992.

Singh R, Niaz M, Bishnol J, et al. Diet, antioxidant vitamins, oxidative stress, and risk of coronary artery disease. Acta Cardiol 49:5:453-67, 1994.

Singh RB, Ghosh S, Niaz MA, et al. Dietary intake, plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins and oxidative stress in relation to coronary artery disease in elderly subjects. Am J Cardiol 76:1233-8, 1995.

Singh RB, Niaz MA, Ghosh S, et al. Dietary intake and plasma levels of antioxidant vitamins in health and disease: A hospital-based case-control study. J Nutr Environ Med 5:235-42, 1995.

Singal PK, Kapur N, Dhillon KS et al. Role of free radicals in catecholamine induced cardiomyopathy. Can J Physiol Pharmacol 60:1390, 1982.

Snodderly DM. Evidence for protection against age-related macular degeneration by carotenoids and antioxidant vitamins. Am J Clin Nutr 62:suppl:1448S-61S, 1995.

Tang A, Graham N, Kirby A, et al. Dietary micronutrient intake and the risk of progression to Acquired Immunodeficiency Syndrome (AIDS) in Human Immunodeficiency Virus Type 1 (HIV-1) infected homosexual men. Am J Epidemiol 138: 937-51, 1993.

Tang AM, Graham NM, Saah AJ. Effects of Micronutrient Intake on Survival in Human immunodeficiency virus type 1 Infection. Am J Epidemiol 143:1244-56, 1996.

Tavani A et al. Food and nutrient intake and risk of cataract. Ann Epidemiol 6:41-6, 1996.

Tolonen, Matti: Fria radikaler och antioxidantia i biologi och medicin. Vitaminers og spormineralers betydning for velfærdssygdomme. (Significance of vitamins and traceminerals in disease), Rigshospitalets Symposium, Pharma Nord Research, 1988 (in Danish/Swedish).

Vitale S, West S, Hallfrish H, et al. Plasma antioxidants and risk of cortical and nuclear cataract. Epidemiology 4:195-203, 1993.

Ward RJ et al. Reduced antioxidant status in patients with chronic alcoholic myopathy. Biochem Soc Trans 16:581, 1988.

Ward RJ, Peters TJ. The antioxidant status of patients with either alcohol-induced liver damage or myopathy. Alcohol Alcohol 27;4:359-65, 1992.

West S, Vitale S, Hallfrisch J, et al. Are antioxidants or supplements protective for age-related macular degeneration? Arch Ophthalmol 112:222-7, 1994.

Woodside J et al. The effects of vitamin supplementation on cardiovascular risk. J Inherit Metabol Dis 19:Suppl 1:26/P51, 1996.

Vitamin A and beta-carotene

Band P.R. et al. Treatment of Benign Breast Disease with Vitamin A. Prev Med 549-54, 1984.

Bendich A. Symposium conclusions: Biological actions of carotenoids. J Nutr 119: 112-5, 1989.

Bichler KH et al. Influence of vitamin A deficiency on the excretion of uromucoid and other substances in the urine of rats. Clin Nephrol 20:32-9, 1983.

Branowitz SA, Starrett B, Brookner AR. Carotene deficiency in HIV patients. AIDS 10(1):115, 1996.

Burton GW, Ingold KU. Beta-carotene. An unusual type of lipid antioxidant. Scicnce 224: 569-573, 1984.

Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM, Medford FH. The 'ideal' daily vitamin A intake. Int J Vit Nutr Res 46: 11-13, 1976.

Chole Q. Vitamin A in the cochlea. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 124:379-82, 1978.

Comstock GW et al. Serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and retinol preceding the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 56: 323-5, 1997.

Connett JE, Kuller KH, Kjelsberg MO et al. Relationship between carotenoids and cancer. Cancer 64: 126-134, 1989.

Coutsoudis A, Bobat R, Coovadia H. The effects of vitamin-A supplementation on the morbidity of children born to HIV-infected women. Am J Public Health 85; (8):1076-81, 1995.

Delmas-Beauvieux M-C, Peuchant E, Couchouron A, et al. The enzymatic antioxidant system in blood and glutathione status in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients: Effects of supplementation with selenium or carotene. Am J Clin Nutr 64: 101-7, 1996.

DiMascio P, Murphy ME, Sies H. Antioxidant defense systems the role of carotenoids, tocopherols and thiols. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 194S-200S, 1991.

Eldred GE. Vitamins A and E in RPE lipofuscin formation and implications for age-related macular degeneration. Prog Clin Biol Res 314: 113-29, 1989.

Ferreira R et al. Antioxidant action of vitamins A and E in patients submitted to coronary bypass surgery. Vasc Surg 25: 191-195, 1991.

Gaby SK, Singh VN. Vitamin intake and health: A scientific review. New York: Marcel Dekker. p 29-57, 1991.

Gershoff SN, McGandy RB. The effects of vitamin A-deficient diets containing lactose in producing bladder calculi and tumors in rats. Am J Clin Nutr 34: 483, 1981.

Goodman DS. Vitamin A and retinoids in heath and disease. N Eng J Med 310: 1023-1031, 1984.

Hayes KC. Retinal degeneration in monkeys induced by deficiencies of vitamin E or A. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 13:7:499-510, 1974.

Honkanen V et al. Vitamins A and E, retinol binding protein and zinc in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 7: 465-9, 1989.

Honkanen VEA et al. Serum cholesterol and vitamins A and E in juvenile chronic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 8: 187-91, 1990.

Liao CH, Erdman JW, Johnston PV. Dietary vitamin A deficiency and the immune system in a murine model of systemic lupus erythematosus. Nutr Res 16: 279-92, 1996.

Lohle E. The influence of chronic vitamin A deficiency on human and animal ears. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 234:167-73, 1982.

Mckeown LA. Beta carotene lifts CD4 counts. Study reported in Medical Tribune Feb. 25, p. 1. 1993.

Mobarhan S, Bowen P, Andersen B et al. Effects of beta-carotene repletion on beta-carotene absorption, lipid peroxidation, and neutrophil superoxide formation in young men. Nutr Cancer 14: 195-206, 1990.

Newbold PCH. Beta-carotene in the treatment of discoid lupus erythematosus. Br J Dermatol 95: 100-1, 1976.

Olson JA. Vitamin A. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington DC: Intemational Life Sciences Press. p 109-119, 1996.

Oson JA. Provitamin A function of carotenoids. Thc conversion of B-carotene to Vitamin A. J Nutr 119: 105-108, 1989.

Paganini-Hill A, Chao A, Ross RK et al. Vitamin A, beta carotene and the risk of cancer. A prospective study. J Natl Cancer Inst 79: 443-448, 1987.

Palgi A. Association between dietary changes and morality rates; Israel 1949 to 1977; a trend-free regression model. Am J Clin Nutr 34: 1569-1583, 1981.

Prince MR, Frisoli JK. Beta-carotene accumulation in serum and skin. Am J Clin Nutr 1993; 57: 175-181, 1993.

Pryor WA. The antioxidant nutrients and disease prevention what do we know and what do we need to find out? Am J Clin Nutr 53: 391S-393S, 1991.

Riemersma RA, Wood DA, MacIntyre CCH, et al. Risk of angina pectoris and plasma concentrations of vitamins A, C and E and carotene. Lancet 337:1-5, 1991.

Romeo G. The therapeutic effect of vitamins A and E in neurosensory hearing loss. Acta Vitaminol Enzymol 7 Suppl:85-92, 1985.

Sahyoun NR et al. Carotenoids, vitamins C and E, and mortality in an elderly population. Am J Epidemiol 144:5:501-11, 1996.

Sappey C et al. Vitamin, Trace element and Peroxide status in HIV seropositive patients: Asymptomatic patients present a severe Carotene Deficiency. Clin Clim Acta 230:35-42, 1994.

Semba R, Graham N, Caiaffa W, et al. Increased Mortality associated with Vitamin A Deficiency during Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 infection. Arch Intern Med 153:2149-54, 1993.

Semba RD, Park S, Royal W, Griffin DE. Vitamin A deficiency and T-cell subpopulation in HIV-infected adults. Nutr Res 16:915-23, 1996.

Sommer A., West, KP. The duration of the effect of vitamin A supplementation. Am J Public Health 1997; 87: 467, 1997.

Salonen JT. Risk of cancer in relation to serum concentrations of selenium and vitamins A and E: matched case-control analysis of prospective data. Br Mcd J 1985, 290: 417-420, 1985.

Schauss AG. Beta-carotene and the incidence of lung cancer in Finnish male smokers. A critique. Q Rev Natural Med 191-195, 1994.

Seddon JM, Ajani UA, Sperduto RD, et al. Dietary carotenoids, vitamins A, C, and E, and advanced age-related macular degeneration. JAMA 272:1413-20, 1994.

Stahelin HB, Gey KB, Eichholzer M et al. Beta-carotene and cancer prevention. The Basel Study. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 265S-269S, 1991.

Street DA et al. Serum antioxidants and myocardial infarction: Are low levels of carotenoids and alpha-tocopherol risk factors for myocardial infarction? Circulation 90;3:1154-61, 1994.

Tang AM et al. Association between Serum Vitamin A and E levels and HIV-1 disease progression. AIDS 11:613-20, 1997.

Underwood BA. Was the 'anti-infective' vitamin misnamed? Nutr Rev 52: 140-143, 1994.

Vitale S et al. Plasma vitamin C, E and beta carotene levels and risk of cataract. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 32:723, 1991.

Weisburger J. Nutritional approach to cancer prevention with emphasis on vitamins, antioxidants, and carotenoids. Am J Clin Nutr 53: S226-237, 1991.

Werler MA, Lammer EJ, Mitchell AA. Teratogenicity of high vitamin A intake. Letter. N Eng J Med 334: 1195, 1995.

White WS, Kim Cl, Kalkwarf HJ et al. Ultraviolet light-induced reduction in plasma carotenoid levels. Am J Clin Nutr 47: 879-883, 1988.

Willette W. Nutritional epidemiology. New York: Oxford University Press. p 292-310, 1990.

Ziegler RG. Vegetables, fruits and carotenoids and the risk of cancer. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 251S-259S, 1991.

Biotin

Maebashi M et al. Therapeutic Evaluation of the Effect of Biotin on Hyperglycemia in Patients with Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. J Clin Biochem Nutr 14: 211-8, 1993.

Reddi A, De Angelis B, Frank O et al. Biotin Supplementation Improves Glucose and Insulin Tolerances in Genetically Diabetic KK Mice. Life Sci 42: 1323-30, 1988.

Vitamin B1, thiamine

Allison JR. The relation of hydrochloric acid and vitamin B complex deficiency in certain skin diseases. South Med J 38: 235-241, 1945.

Bendich A, Cohen M. Nutrition and Immunology. New York: Alan R. Liss. p 101-123, 1988.

Butterworth RF et al. Thiamin deficiency in AIDS. Lancet 338:1086, 1991.

Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr, Setyaadmadja AT et al. Thiamin consumption and cardiovascular complaints. J Am Geriatrics Soc 15: 1074-1079, 1967.

Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr, Setyaadmadja AT et al. Carbohydrate consumption and cardiovascular complaints. Angiology 18: 224-230, 1967.

Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr, Medford FH et al. The 'ideal' daily vitamin B, intake. J Oral Med 33: 77-79, 1978.

Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr. How much refined carbohydrate should we eat? Am Lab 6: 31-35, 1974.

Cummings F, Briggs M, Briggs, M. Vitamins in human biology and medicine. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 1981.

Iber FL, Blass JP, Brin M et al. Thiamin in the elderly-relation to alcoholism and to neurological degenerative disease. Am J Clin Nutr 6: 1067-1082, 1982.

Lonsdale DA. Nutritionist's guide to the clinical use of vitamin B1. Tacoma, WA: Life Sciences Press. p 1-209, 1987.

Lonsdale D. Red cell transketolase studies in a private practice specializing in nutritional correction. J Am Coll Nutr 7: 61-68, 1988.

Rindi, G. Thiamin. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington DC: International Life Sciences Press. p 160-166, 1996.

Ropert R. Utilisation de la Vitamine B1 fortes doses dans le traitement de divers syndromes douloureux facio-céphaliques. Sem Hôp 4:508-9, 1958 (in French).

Shils ME, Young VR. Modern nutrition in health and disease. 7th edn. Philadelphia: Lea and Febiger. p 358, 1988.

Vitamin B2, riboflavine

Belko AZ, Obarzanek E, Kalkwarf HJ et al. Effects of exercise on riboflavin requirements of young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1983 37: 509-517.

Belko AZ, Obazanek E, Roach R et al. Effects of aerobic exercise and weight loss on riboflavin requirements of moderately obese, marginally deficient young women. Am J Clin Nutr 1984; 40: 553-561.

Belko AZ, Meredith MP, Kalkwarf HJ et al. Effects of exercise on riboflavin requirements. Biological validation in weight reducing women. Am J Clin Nutr 1985; 41: 270-277.

Bendich A, Cohen M. Nutrition and Immunology. New York: Alan R. Liss. 1988: p. 114.

Beutler E. Glutathione reductase. Stimulation in normal subjects by riboflavin supplementation. Science 1969; 165: 614-615.

Goodwin JS, Garry PJ. Relationship between megadose vitamin supplementation and immunological function in a healthy elderly population. Clin Exp Immunol 1983; 51: 647-653.

Joint, FAO/WHO Expert Group. Riboflavin. WHO Technical Report Series No. 362. 1967: p. 86.

Prchal JT, Conrad ME, Skalka HW. Association of presenile cataracts with heterozygosity for glactosaemic states and riboflavin deficiency. Lancet 1978; i: 12-143.

Rivlin RS. Riboflavin. In: Ziegler EE, Filer LJ Jr, eds. Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington DC: International Life Sciences Press. 1996: p 167-173.

Salim-Hanna M, Edwards AM, Silva E. A photo-induced adduct between a vitamin and an essential amino acid: binding of riboflavin to tryptophan. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1987; 57: 155-159.

Schoenen J, Jacquay J, Lenaerts M. Effectiveness of high-dose riboflavin in migraine prophylaxis: a randomized controlled trial. Neurology 1998; 50: 466-470.

Schoenen J, Lenaerts M, Bastings E. High-dosc riboflavin as a prophylactic treatment of migraine: results of an open pilot study. Cephalalgia 1994; 14: 328-329.

Skalka HW, Prchal JT. Cataracts and riboflavin deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34: 861-863.

Webster RP, Gawde MD, Bhattacharya RK. Modulation of carcinogen-induced DNA damage and repair enzyme activity by dietary riboflavin. Cancer Lett 1996; 98: 129-135.

Weisburger J. Nutritional approach to cancer prevention with emphasis on vitamins, antioxidants, and cartenoids. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: S226-227.

Vitamin B3, niacin and niacinamide

Alhadeff L, Gualtieri GT, Lipton M. Toxic effects of water-soluble vitamins. Nutr Rev 1984; 42: 33-40.

Bendich A, Cohen M. Nutrition and immunology. New York: Alan R. Liss. 1988: p 114-115.

Carlson LA, Hamsten A, and Asplund A. Pronounced Lowering of Serum Levels of Lipoprotein Lp(a) in Hyperlipidaemic Subjects Treated with Nicotinic Acid, J Intern Med 226, 1989: 271-6.

Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr, Medford FH. The 'ideal' daily niacin intake. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1976; 46: 58-60.

Cleary JP. Vitamin B3 in the Treatment of Diabetes Mellitus: Case Reports and Review of the Literature. J Nutr Med 1: 217-25, 1990.

DiPalma JR and Thayer WS, Use of Niacin as a Drug, Ann Rev Nutr 11; 169-87, 1991.

Einstein N, Baker A, Galper J et al. Jaundice due to nicotinic acid therapy. Am J Digest Dis 1975; 20: 282-286.

El-Enein AMA et al., The Role of Nicotinic Acid and Inositol Hexaniacinate as Anticholesterolemic and Antilipemic Agents, Nutr Rep Intl 28, 1983: 899-911.

Figge HL, Figge J, Souney PF et al. Nicotinic acid. A review of its clinical use in the treatment of lipid disorders. Pharmacotherapy 1988; 8: 287-294.

Gaby SK. Vitamin intake and health: A scientific review. New York: Marcel Dekker. 1991: p 189-192.
Goldsmith GA, Miller ON, Unglaub WG. Efficiency of tryptophan as a niacin precursor in man. J Nutr 1961; 73: 172-176.
Grundy SM. Drug therapy in dyslipidemia. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 1990; 50: 63-72.

Illingworth DR et al., Comparative Effects of Lovastatin and Niacin in Primary Hypercholesterolemia, Arch Intern Med 154, 1994:1586-95.
Jacob, RA, Swendseid, ME. Niacin. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington DC: International Life Sciences Press. 1996: p 184-190.

Jonas WB et al. The effect of niacinamide on osteoarthritis: a pilot study. Inflamm Res 45: 330-4, 1996.

Lefavi R. Lipid-lowering effects of a dietary nicotinic acid-chromium III complex in male athletes. FASEB J 5;6:A1645, 1991.

Lefavi R et al. Lipid-lowering effect of a dietary chromium III-nicotinic acid complex in male athletes. Nutr Res 13:239-49, 1993.

Luria MH. Effect of low-dose niacin on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol and total cholesterol/high density lipoprotein cholesterol ratio. Arch Intern Med 148: 2493-5, 1988.

Mandrup Paulsen T. Nicitinamide in the Prevention of Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. Diabetes Metabol Rev 9: 295-309, 1993.

McKenney JM et al., A Comparison of the Efficacy and Toxic Effects of Sustained- vs Immediate-Release Niacin in Hypercholesterolemic Patients, JAMA 271, 1994: 672-7.
O'Hara J, Jolly PN, Nicol CG. The therapeutic efficacy of inositol nicotinate (I lexopal) in intermittent claudication of a controlled trial. Br J Clin Practice 1988; 42: 377-383.
Patterson JI, Brown RR, Lindswiler H et al. Exertion of tryptophan-niacin metabolites by young men. Effects of tryptophan, leucine, and vitamin B6 intakes. Am J Clin Nutr 1980; 33: 2157-2167.

Pocoit F, Reimers JI and Andersen HU. Nicotinamide: Biological Actions and Therapeutic Potential in Diabetes Prevention. Diabetologia 36: 574-76, 1993.

Pozzilli P et al. The Potential Role of Nicotinamide in the Secondary Prevention of IDDM. Diabetes Metabol Rev 9: 219-30, 1993.

Salem and Abdel M. The Role of Nicotinic Acid and Inositol Hexaniacinate as Anticholesterolemic and Antilipemic Agents. Nutr Rep Intl 28: 899-911, 1983.

Urberg M and Zemel MB. Evidence for Synergism Between Chromium and Nicotinic Acid in the Control of Glucose Tolerance in Elderly Humans. Metabolism 36: 896-99, 1987.

Urberg M et al. Hypocholesterolemic effect of nicotinic acid and chromium supplementation. J Fam Pract 27;6:603-6, 1988.

Vega GL and Crundy SM. Lipoprotein Responses to Treatment with Lovastatin, Gemfibrozil, and Nicotinic Acid in Normolipidemic Patients with Hypoalphalipoproteinemia, Arch Intern Med 154: 73-82, 1994.

Welsh AL and Ede M, Inositol Hexanicotinate for Improved Nicotinic Acid Therapy, Int Record Med 174: 9-15, 1961.

Vitamin B5, pantothenic acid

Barton-Wright EC, Elliott WA. The Pantothenic Acid Metabolism of Rheumatoid Arthritis. Lancet ii: 862-3, 1963.

Fry PC et al. Metabolic response to a pantothenic acid deficient diet in humans. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 22: 339-46, 1976.

Welsh AL. Lupus erythematosus: Treatment by combined use of massive amounts of pantothenic acid and vitamin E. Arch Dermatol Syphilol 70: 181-98, 1954.

Vitamin B6, pyridoxine

Annand JC. Pyridoxine and magnesium in the treatment of shock. Lancet ii: 340-1, 1957.

Antopol W, Schotland CE. The use of vitamin B6 in pseudohypertrophic muscular dystrophy. JAMA, March 23, 1940, pp. 1058-9.

Barr W, Pyridoxine Supplements in the Premenstrual Syndrome, Practitioner 228 (1984): 425-7.

Bassler KH. Megavitamin therapy with pyridoxine. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1988; 58: 105-118.

Berman MK, et al. Vitamin B6 in Premenstrual Syndrom, J Am Diet Assoc 90 (1990): 859-61.

Brattström L et al. Impaired homocysteine metabolism in early-onset cerebral and peripheral occlusive arterial disease. Effects of pyridoxine and folic acid treatment. Atherosclerosis 81:1:51-60, 1990.

Brattström L, Stavenow L, Galvard H, et al. Pyridoxine reduces cholesterol and low-density-lipoprotein and increases antithrombin III activity in 80- year-old men with low plasma pyridoxal 5-phosphate. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 50:8:873-7, 1990.

Bum MK et al. Association of Vitamin B6 Status with Parameters of Immune Function in Early HIV-1 Infection. J AIDS 4:122-32, 1991.

Caby SK. Vitamin intake and health: A scientific review. New York: Marcel Dekker. 1991: p 163- 74.

Cohen M, Bendich A. Safety of pyridoxine - a review of human and animal studies. Toxicol Letters 1986 34: 129-139.

Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ. A prospective study of the intake of vitamins C and B6, and the risk of kidney stones in men. J Urol 155:61847-51, 1996.

Dalery K et al. Homocysteine and coronary artery disease in French Canadian subjects: Relation with vitamins B12, B6, pyridoxal phosphate and folate. Am J Cardiol 75:1107-11, 1995.

Driskell JA, Wesley RL, Hess IE. Effectiveness of pyridoxine hydrochloride treatment on carpal tunnel syndrome patients. Nutr Rep Int 1986; 34: 103-1040, 1986.

Ellis JM. Vitamin B6 deficiency and rheumatism. Anabolism Winter 1985.

Folkers K, Morita M, McRee Jr. J. The activities of coenzyme Q10 and vitamin B6 for immune response. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 193:88-92, 1993.
Gaby AR. The safe use of vitamin B6 J Nutr Med 1: 153-157, 1990.

Gershoff SN, Prien EL. Excretion of urinary metabolites in calcium oxalate urolithiasis: Effect of tryptophan and vitamin B6 administration. Am J Clin Nutr 8:812, 1960.

Gershoff S, Prien EL. Effect of daily MgO and vitamin B6 administration to patients with recurring calcium oxalate kidney stones. Am J Clin Nutr 20:393-399, 1967.

Gibbs DA, Watts RWE. The action of pyridoxine in primary hyperoxaluria. Clin.Sci 38:277-86, 1970.
Gvozdova LG, Paramonova EG, Goriachenkova EV et al. The content of pyridoxal coenzymes in the blood plasma of patients with coronary atherosclerosis on a background of therapeutic diet and after supplemental intake of vitamin B6. Vop Pitan 1966; 25: 40-44.

Hallert C, Astrom J, Walan A. Reversal of psychopathology in adult coeliac disease with the aid of pyridoxine (vitamin B6). Scand J Gastroenterol 18; (2):299-304, 1983.

Harrison AR et al. Hyperoxaluria and recurrent stone formation apparently cured by short course of pyridoxine. Br Med J 282: 2097-8, 1981.

Jaeger P. et al. Idiopathic hyperoxaluria cured by a short course of pyridoxine B6: Further evidence for B6-deficiency. Abstract. Clin Res 34, 2:546A, 1962.

Jones CL et al. Pyridoxine Deficiency: A New Factor in Diabetic Neuropathy. J Am Pod Assoc 68: 646-53, 1978.

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Mushett CW, Emerson G. Arteriosclerosis in pyridoxine-deficient monkeys and dogs. Fed Proc 4:526-7, 1956.

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Prien EL, Gershoff S. Magnesium oxide-pyridoxine therapy for recurring calcium oxalate urinary calculi. J Urol 112:509-512, 1974.

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Reinken L, Zieglauer H. Vitamin B6 absorption in children with acute celiac disease and in control subjects. J Nutr 108:1562, 1978.

Revusova V et al. The significance of oxaluria reduction by pyridoxine in prevention of calcium oxalate nephrolithiasis. Cas Lek Ces 121; 6:163-6, 1982.

Rinehart JF, Greenberg LD. Arteriosclerotic lesions in pyridoxine deficient monkeys. Am J Pathol 25:481-96, 1949.

Rinehart JF, Greenberg LD. Pathogenesis of experimental arteriosclerosis in pyridoxine deficiency with notes on similarities to human arteriosclerosis. Arch Pathol 51:12-29, 1951.

Rinehart JF, Greenberg LD. Vitamin B6 deficiency in the Rhesus monkey. Am J Clin Nutr 4:318-325, 1956.

Rhinehart JF, Greenberg LD. Vitamin B6 deficiency in the rhesus monkey, with particular reference to the occurrence of atherosclerosis, dental caries and hepatic cirrhosis. Am J Clin Nutr 4:318, 1956.

Roubenoff R et al. Abnormal vitamin B6 status in rheumatoid cachexia. Arthritis Rheum 1: 105-9, 1995.

Serofontein WJ, Ubbink JB, De Villiers LS, et al. Plasma pyridoxal-5-phosphate level as risk index for coronary artery disease. Atherosclerosis 55:3:357-61, 1985.

Serofontein WJ, Ubbink JB, De Villers LS, Becker PJ. Depressed plasma pyridoxal-5'-phosphate levels in tobacco-smoking men. Atherosclerosis. 59: 341-346; 1986.

Shor-Posner G, Feaster D, Blaney N, et al. Impact of Vitamin B6 Status on Psychological Distress in a longitudinal Study of HIV-1 infection. Int J Psychol Med 24; (3):209-22, 1994.

Shultz TD, Santamaria AG, Gridley DS et al. Effect of pyridoxine and pyridoxal on the in vitro growth of human malignant melanoma. Nutr Res 1988; 8: 201-207.

Solomon LR et al. Erythrocyte O2 Transport and Metabolism and Effects of Vitamin B6 Therapy in Type II Diabetes mellitus. Diabetes 38: 881-86, 1989.

Stone S. Pyridoxine and thiamine therapy in disorders of the nervous system. Dis Nerv Sys 11;5:131-8, 1950.

Subbarao K et al. Pyridoxal 5’-phosphate - a new physiological inhibitor of blood coagulation and platelet function. Biochem Pharmacol 28:531-4, 1979.

Swift ME, Shultz TD. Relationship of vitamins B6 and Bl2 to homocysteine levels: Risk for coronary heart disease. Nutr Rep Int 1986; 34: 1-14.

Talbott MC, Miller LT, Kerkvliet NI. Pyridoxine supplementation effect on Lymphocyte responses in elderly persons. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 46: 659-664.

Thind SK et al. Role of vitamin B6 in oxalate metabolism in urolithiasis. Abstract. Am J Clin Nutr 32; 6:20, 1979

Ubbink JB, Vermaak WJH, van der Merwe A, Becker PJ. Vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, and folate nutritional status in men with hyperhomocysteinemia. Am J Clin Nutr 57:47-53, 1993.

Verhoef P, Stampfer MJ, Buring JE, et al. Homocysteine metabolism and risk of myocardial infarction: Relation with vitamin B6, B12, and folate. Am J Epidemiol 143:9:845-59, 1996.

Verrmaak WJ, Barnard HC, Potgieter GM et al. Plasma pyridoxal 5'-phosphate levels in myocardial infarction. S Afr Med J 1986 70: 195-196.

Vermaak WJH et al. Vitamin B6 and coronary heart disease. Epidemiological observations and case studies. Atherosclerosis 63:235, 1987.

Vijayammal PL, Kurup PA. Pyridoxine and atherosclerosis: Role of pyridoxine in the metabolism of lipids and glycosaminoglycans in rats fed normal and high fat, high cholesterol diets containing 16% casein. Austral J Biol Sci 31:1:7-20, 1978.

Weisburger J. Nutritional approach to cancer prevention with emphasis on vitamins, antioxidant, and carotenoids. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: S226-S237.

Folic acid, folate (vitamin B-9)

Alpert JE, Fava, M. Nutrition and depression. The role of folate. Nutr Rev 1997; 55: 145-149.

Bailey LB, Wagner PA, Davis CG, Dinning JS. Food frequency related to folacin status in adolescents. J Am Diet Assoc 1984; 84: 801-804.

Baker H, Jaslow SP, Frank O. Severe impairment of dietary folate utilization in the elderly. J Am Geriatr Soc 26: 218-221, 1978.

Bates CJ, Fleming M, Paul AA et al. Folate status and its relation to vitamin C in healthy elderly men and women. Age Aging 1980; 9: 241-248.
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Botez MI, Botez T, Léveillé J, et al. Neuropsychological correlates of folic acid deficiency: Facts and hypotheses, in MI Botez, EH Reynolds, Eds. Folic Acid in Neurology, Psychiatry, and Internal Medicine. New York, Raven Press, 435-461, 1979.
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Brattstrom LE, Israelsson B, Jeppsson JO, Hultberg BL. Folic acid - an innocuous means to reduce plasma homocysteine. Scand J Clin Lab Invest 48: 3; 215-221, 1988.

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Briggs RM. Vitamin supplementation as a possible factor in the incidence of cleft lip/palate deformities in humans. Clin Plast Surg 1976; 3: 647-652, 1976.

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Center for Disease Control. Knowledge about folic acid and use of multivitamins containing folic acid among reproductive-aged women. Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report 1996; 45: 793-795, 1996.

Center for Disease Control. Recommendations for the use of folic acid to reduce the number of cases of spina bifida and other neural tube defects. Morbidity Mortality Weekly Report 1996; 41: RR-14.
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Dalery K et al. Homocysteine and coronary artery disease in French Canadian subjects: Relation with vitamins B12, B6, pyridoxal phosphate and folate. Am J Cardiol 75:1107-11, 1995.

Deller DJ et al. Folic acid deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis. Relation of levels of serum folic acid activities to treatment with phenylbutazone. Br Med J i: 765-7, 1966.

Flynn MA, Irvin W, Krause G. The effect of folate and cobalamin on osteoarthritic hands. J Am Coll Nutr 13; 4: 351-6, 1994.

Gaby SK, Bendich A. Vitamin intake and health: A scientific review. New York: Marcel Dekker. 1991: p 175-188.

Gough KR et al. Folic acid deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis. Br Med J i: 212-17, 1964.
Halsted CH, Reisenauer AM, Romero JJ, et al. Jejunal perfusion of simple and conjugated folates in celiac sprue. J Clin Invest 59: 933-40, 1977.

Hjelt K, Krasilnikoff PA. The impact of gluten on haematolgical status, dietary intakes of haemopoietic nutrients and vitamin B12 and folic acid absorption in children with coeliac disease. Acta Paediatr Scand 79; (10):911-19, 1990.

Huber AM, Wallins LL, DeRusso P. Folate nutriture in pregnancy. J Am Diet Assoc 1988; 88: 791 -814.

Jacques P, Bostom A, Williams R, et al. Relation between folate status, a common mutation in methylene tetrahydrofolate reductase, and plasma homocysteine concentrations. Circulation 93; 1: 7-9, 1996.

Kang SS, Wong PWK, Norusis M. Homocysteinemia due to folate deficiency. Metabolism 1987; 36: 458-462.

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Modesto C, Castro L. Folinic acid supplementation in patients with juvenile rheumatoid arthritis treated with methotrexate. J Rheumatol 23; (2): 403-4, 1996.

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Morgan SL, Baggott JE, Vaughn WH, et al. Supplementation with folic acid during methotrexate therapy for rheumatoid arthritis: a double-blind, placebo-controlled trial. Ann Intern Med 121: 833-41, 1994.

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Omer A, Mowat AG. Nature of anaemia in rheumatoid arthritis. IX. Folate metabolism in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 27: 414-24, 1968.

Preuss HG. CRC Handbook series in nutrition and food. Section F: Nutntional disorders, vol. 1. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 1978: p 61-62.

Selhub, J, Rosenberg, IH. Folic acid. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington DC: International Life Sciences Press. 1996: p 206-219.

Smithells RW, Nevin NC, Seller MJ et al. Further experience of vitamin supplementation for prevention of neural tube defect recurrences. Lancet 1983; 1: 1027-1031.

Ubbink JB, Vermaak WJH, van der Merwe A, Becker PJ. Vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, and folate nutritional status in men with hyperhomocysteinemia. Am J Clin Nutr 57:47-53, 1993.

Ventura A, bouquet F, Sartorelli C, et al. Coeliac disease, folic acid deficiency and epilepsy with cerebral calcifications. Acta Paeditr Scand 80; (5):559-62, 1991.

Verhoef P, Stampfer MJ, Buring JE, et al. Homocysteine metabolism and risk of myocardial infarction: Relation with vitamin B6, B12, and folate. Am J Epidemiol 143:9:845-59, 1996.

Weisburger JH. Nutritional approach to cancer prevention with emphasis on vitamins, antioxidants, and carotenoids. Am J Clin Nutr 53: S226-S237, 1991.

Vitamin B12

Allen, LH, Casterline J. Vitamin Bl2 deficiency in elderly individuals. diagnosis and requirements. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 60: 12-14.

Baker H et al. Plasma vitamin B12 titres as indicators of disease severity and mortality of patients with alcoholic hepatitis. Alcohol Alcoholism 22; (1):15, 1987.

Brinton LA, Gridley G, Hrubec A et al. Cancer risk following pernicious anemia. Br J Cancer 1989; 59: 810-813.

Campbell RE, Pruitt FW. Vitamin B12 in the treatment of viral hepatitis. Am J Med Sci 224:252, 1952.

Campbell RE, Pruitt FW. The effect of vitamin B12 and folic acid in the treatment of viral hepatitis. Am J Med Sci 229:8-15, 1955.

Carethers M. Diagnosing vitamin Bl2 deficiency, a common geriatric disorder. Geriatrics 1988; 43: 89-112.

Chu RC, Hall CA. The total serum homocysteine as an indicator of vitamin Bl2 and folate status. Am J Clin Pathol 1988; 90: 446-449.

Dalery K et al. Homocysteine and coronary artery disease in French Canadian subjects: Relation with vitamins B12, B6, pyridoxal phosphate and folate. Am J Cardiol 75:1107-11, 1995.

Davidson S. The Use of Vitamin B12 in the Treatment of Diabetic Neuropathy. J Flor Med Assoc 15: 717-20, 1954.

Doscherholmen A, Swaim WR. Impaired assimilation of egg 57 Co vitamin Bl2 in patients with hypochlorhydria and achlorhydria and after gastric resection. Gastroenterol 1973; 64: 913-919.

Ellis FR, Nasser S. A pilot study of vitamin B12 in the treatment of Tiredness. Br J Nutr 30: 277-83, 1973.

Gaby SK, Bendich A. Vitamin intake and health: A scientific review. New York: Marcel Dekker. p 193-197, 1991.

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Gupta AK, Mital H.S. Cyanocobalamin (vitamin B12) in the management of Herpes Zoster. Indian Pract 20; (7):457-9, 1967.

Harriman GR et al. Vitamin B12 malabsorption in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome. Arch Intern Med 149; (9):2039-41, 1989.

Heyblon R. Vitamin B12 in herpes zoster. Abstract. JAMA 146:1338, 1951.

Herbert, V. Vitamin B-l2. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington DC: International Life Sciences Press. 1996: p 191-205.

Heimburger DC, Alexander CB, Birch R, Bailey WC, Krumdieck CL. Improvement in bronchial squamous metaplasia in smokers treated with folate and vitamin Bl2. J Am Mcd Assoc 259: 1525-1530, 1988.

Herbert V. B12 deficiency and AIDS. Letter. JAMA 260; (19):2837, 1988.

Herzlich BC et al. Synergy of inhibition of DNA synthesis in human bone marrow by azidothymidine plus deficiency of folate and/or vitamin B12? Am J Hematology 33:177-83, 1990.

Hjelt K, Krasilnikoff PA. The impact of gluten on haematolgical status, dietary intakes of haemopoietic nutrients and vitamin B12 and folic acid absorption in children with coeliac disease. Acta Paediatr Scand 79; (10):911-19, 1990.

Inada M, Toyoshima M, Kameyama M. Brain content of cobalamin and its binders in elderly subjects. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 28: 351-357, 1982.

Kokkonen J, Similä S. Gastric function and absorption of vitamin B12 in children with celiac disease. Eur J Pediatr 132; (2):71-5, 1979.

Lederle FA. Oral cobalamin for pernicious anemia. Medicine's best kept secret? JAMA. 265: 94-95, 1991.

Nilsson-Ehle H, Landahl S, Lindstealt G et al. Low serum cobalamin levels in population study of 70- and 75-year-old subjects. Dig Dis Sci 34: 716-723, 1989.

Olszewski AJ, Szostak WB, McCully KS. Plasma glucosamine and galactosamine in ischemic heart disease. Atherosclerosis 1989; 75:1-6.

Omaye ST. Nutritional and toxicological aspects of food safety. New York: Plenum Press. 1984: p 169-203.

Richardson LR, Brock R. Studies of reproduction in rats using large doses of vitamin Bl2 and highly purified soybean proteins. J Nutr 1956; 58: 135-145.

Robertson KR et al. Vitamin B12 Deficiency and Nervous System Disease in HIV Infection, Arch Neurol 50:807-11, 1993.

Rule SAJ et al. Serum vitamin B12 and Transcobalamin levels in early HIV Disease. Am J Hematol 47:167-71, 1994.

Shemesh Z et al. Vitamin B12 deficiency in patients with chronic tinnitus and noise-induced hearing loss. Am J Otolaryngol 14; (2):94-9, 1993.

Shils ME, Young VR. Modem Nutrition in Health and Disease. 7th edn. Lea and Febiger. 1988: p 401-404.

Tang AM, Graham NM, Chandra RK, Saah AJ. Low Serum Vitamin B-12 concentrations are associated with Faster Human Immunodeficiency Virus type 1 (HIV-1) disease progression. J Nutr 127:345-51, 1997.

Ubbink JB, Vermaak WJH, van der Merwe A, Becker PJ. Vitamin B-12, vitamin B-6, and folate nutritional status in men with hyperhomocysteinemia. Am J Clin Nutr 57: 47-53, 1993.

Uchizyama M et al. Effects of vitamin B12 on human circadian body temperature rhythm. Neurosci Lett 192: 1-4, 1995.

Verhoef P, Stampfer MJ, Buring JE, et al. Homocysteine metabolism and risk of myocardial infarction: Relation with vitamin B6, B12, and folate. Am J Epidemiol 143:9:845-59, 1996.

Wright J.V. Treatment of childhood asthma with parenteral vitamin B12, gastric reacidification, and attention to food allergy, magnesium and pyridoxine: Three case reports with background and an integrated hypothesis. J Nutr Med 1: 277-82, 1990.

Vitamin C

Anderson R, Oosthuizen R, Maritz R et al. Effects of increasing weekly doses of ascorbate on certain cellular and humoral immune functions in normal volunteers. Am J Clin Nutr 33: 71-76, 1980.

Atkins GL et al. Quantitative aspects of ascorbic acid metabolism in man. J Biol Chem 239:2975-80, 1964.

Baetgen D. Results of the treatment of epidemic hepatitis in children with high doses of ascorbic acid in the years 1957 - 1958. Medizinische Monatschrift 15:30-36, 1961 (in German).

Baird IM et al. The effects of ascorbic acid and flavonoids on the occurrence of symptoms normally associated with the common cold. Am J Clin Nutr 32: 1686-90, 1979.

Baur H, Staub H. Treatment of hepatitis with infusions of ascorbic acid: Comparison with other
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Bendich A, Langseth L. The health effects of vitamin C supplementation. A review J Am Col Nutr 1995,14: 124 136.

Belfield, WO, Stone, I. Megascorbic prophylaxis and megascorbic therapy: A new orthomolecular modality in veterinary medicine. Journal of the International Academy of Preventive Medicine, 2:10-26, 1975.

Bjelke E. Epidemiologic studies of cancer of the stomach, colon and rectum; with special emphasis on diet. Scand J Gastroenterol 9: 1-235S, 1974.

Block G. Vitamin C and cancer prevention. The epidemiologic evidence. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 270S-282S, 1991.

Blondin J et al. Prevention of eye lens protein damage by dietary vitamin C. Fed Proc 45:478, 1986.

Bordia A et al. Effect of vitamin C on platelet adhesiveness and platelet aggregation in coronary artery disease patients. Clin Cardiol 810:552-4, 1985.

Bouton SM Jr. Vitamin C and the aging eye. Arch Intern Med 63:930-45, 1939.

Brighthope I. AIDS - Remissions using nutrient therapies and megadose intravenous ascorbate. Int Clin Nutr Rev 7; (2):53-75, 1987.

Buzina R, Suboticanec K. Vitamin C and physical working capacity. Int Z VitamErnahrungsforsch (Bern) 27: 157-66, 1985; Suboticanec-Buzina K et al. Vitamin C status and physical working capacity in adolescents. Int J Vitam Min Res 54; 1: 55-60, 1984.

Calabrese EJ. Does exposure to environmental pollutants increase the need for vitamin C? J Environ Pathol Toxicol Oncol 1985, 5: 81-90.

Calleja HB, Brooks RH. Acute hepatitis treated with high doses of vitamin C. Ohio State Med J 56:821-3, 1960.

Cameron, E, Pauling, L. Supplemental ascorbate in the supportive treatment of cancer: Prolongation of survival times in terminal human cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 73:3685-3689, 1976.

Cameron, E, Pauling, L. The orthomolecular treatment of cancer: Rereviewuation of prolongation of survival times in terminal human cancer. Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. USA, 75:4538-4542, 1978.

Cameron, E, Pauling, L. Cancer and Vitamin C. The Linus Pauling Institute for Science and Medicine, Menlo Park, 1979.

Campbell, GD Jr., Steinberg, MH and Bower, JD. Ascorbic acid induced hemolysis in G-6-PD deficiency. Ann. Int. Med. 82:810, 1975.

Carr AB, Einstein R, Lai LYC, et al. Vitamin C and the common cold: Using identical twins as controls. Med J Aust 2: 8: 411-12, 1981.

Cathcart, RF. Clinical trial of vitamin C. Medical Tribune, June 25, 1975.

Cathcart, RF. Clinical use of large doses of ascorbic acid. Presented at the annual meeting of the California Orthomolecular Medical Society, San Francisco, February 19, 1976.

Cathcart, RF. Vitamin C as a detoxifying agent. Presented at the annual meeting of the Orthomolecular Medical Society, San Francisco, January 21, 1978.

Cathcart, RF. Vitamin C - The missing stress hormone. Presented at the annual meeting of the Orthomolecular Medical Society, San Francisco, March 3, 1979.

Cathcart, RF. The method of determining proper doses of vitamin C for the treatment of disease by titrating to bowel tolerance. J. Orthomolecular Psychiatry, 10:125-132, 1981.

Cathcart RF III. Vitamin C in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Med Hypotheses 14; 4:423-33, 1984.

Cathcart RF 3rd. Glutathione and HIV infection. Letter. Lancet i:235, 1990; Cathcart RF 3rd. Vitamin C in the treatment of acquired immune deficiency syndrome (AIDS). Med Hypotheses 14; (4):423-33, 1984.

Cathcart, RF. The third face of vitamin C. J Orthomol Med 7: 197-200, 1992.
Chakrabarty S, Nandi A, Mukhopadhyay C, et al. Protective role of ascorbic acid against lipid peroxidation and myocardial injury. Mol Cell Biochem 111:41-7, 1992.

Chamiec T et al. Effects of antioxidant vitamins C and E on signal-averaged electrocardiogram and acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 77:237-41, 1996.

Chandra DB, Varma R, Ahmad S et al. Vitamin C in the human aqueous humor and cataracts. Int J Vit Nutr Res 56: 165 168, 1986.

Chandra DB et al. Vitamin C in the human aqueous humor and cataracts. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 56:165-9, 1986.

Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr, Michael DW et al. Daily vitamin C consumption and reported respiratory findings. Int J Vit Nutr Res 43: 42-55, 1973.

Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr. Vitamin C and chronologic versus bone age. J Tenn Dent Assoc 57: 177-178, 1974.

Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr, Medford FH. Daily vitamin C consumption and fatigability. J Am Geriatr Soc 24; (3): 136-7, 1976.

Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr, Medford FH. The 'ideal' daily vitamin C intake. J Med Assoc State Alabama 1977; 46: 39-40.

Choi ESK et al. Correlation of plasma ascorbic acid with cardiovascular risk factors. Am J Clin Nutr 51:511, 1990.

Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM Jr, Sisley EL. The vitamin C connection. New York: Harper & Row. 1983: p 1-279.

Cook JD, Watson SS, Simpson KM et al. The effect of high ascorbic acid supplementation on body iron stores. Blood 1984; 64: 721-726.

Cousins, N. Anatomy of an Illness as Perceived by the Patient. W.W. Norton & Company, New York, 1979.

Cunningham J. Reduced Mononuclear Leukocyte Ascorbic Acid Content in Adults with Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus Consuming Adequate Dietary Vitamin C. Metabolism 40: 146-49, 1991.

Cunningham JJ, Mearkle PL and Brown RG. Vitamin C: An Aldose Reductase Inhibitor that Normalizes Erythrocyte Sorbitol in Insulin-Dependent Diabetes Mellitus. J Am Coll Nutr 4: 344-50, 1994.

Curhan GC, Willett WC, Rimm EB, Stampfer MJ. A prospective study of the intake of vitamins C and B6, and the risk of kidney stones in men. J Urol 155:61847-51, 1996.

Dallal GE et al. Ascorbic acid, HDL cholesterol, and apolipoprotein A-I in an elderly Chinese population in Boston. J Am Coll Nutr 8;1:69-74, 1989.

Davie Sj, Gould BJ and Yudkin JS. Effect of Vitamin C on Glycosylation of Proteins. Diabetes 41: 167-73, 1992.

Devamanoharan P et al. Prevention of selenite cataract by vitamin C. Exp Eye Res 52:563-8, 1991.

Dobson HM et al. The effect of ascorbic acid on the seasonal variations in serum cholesterol levels. Scot Med J 293:176-82, 1984.

Eaton SB, Shostak M, Konner M. The paleolithic prescription. New York: Harper & Row. 1988: p 82,130-131.

Emstrom JE, Kanim LE, Klein MA. Vitamin C intake and mortality among a sample of the United States population. Epidem 1992; 3: 194-202.

Enstrom JE, Kanim LE, Klein MA. Vitamin C intake and mortality among a sample of the United States population. Epidemiology 3:3:194-202, 1992.

Erden F, Gulenc S, Torun M et al. Ascorbic acid effect on some lipid fractions in human beings. Acta Vitaminol Enzymol 1985, 7: 131-138.

Eriksson J, Kohvakka A. Magnesium and ascorbic acid supplementation in diabetes mellitus. Ann Nutr Metab 394:217-23, 1995.

Esk C et al. Correlation of plasma ascorbic acid with cardiovascular risk factors. Clin Res 38:A747, 1990.

Fontham ET, Pickle LW, Haenszel W et al. Dietary vitamins A and C and lung cancer risk in Louisiana. Cancer 1988, 62: 2267-2273.

Freudenheim JL, Johnson NE, Smith EL. Relationships between usual nutrient intake and bone-mineral content of women 35-65 years of age. longitudinal and cross-sectional analysis. Am J Clin Nutr 1986; 44: 863-876.

Gaby SK, Singh VN. Vitamin intake and health: A scientific review. New York: Marcel Dekker. 1991: p 103-161.

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Gey KF, Stahelin HB, Eichholzer M. Poor plasma status of carotene and vitamin C is associated with higher mortality from ischemic heart disease and stroke: Basel Prospective Study. Clin Invest 71:3-6, 1993.

Ginter E. Cholesterol: Vitamin C controls its transformation to bile acids. Science 179; (74):702-4, 1973.
Ghosh J, Das S. reviewuation of vitamin A and C status in normal and malignant conditions and their possible role in cancer prevention. Jpn J Cancer Res 1985; 76: 1174-1178.
Ginter E, Cerna O, Budlovsky J et al. Effect of ascorbic acid on plasma cholesterol in humans in a long-term experiment. Int J Vit Nutri Res 1977, 47: 123-134.

Ginter E et al. Vitamin C in the control of hypercholesterolemia in man. Int J Vitam Nutr Res Suppl 23:137-52, 1982.
Greco AM, Gentile M, DiFilippo O et al. Study of blood vitamin C in lung and bladder cancer patients before and after treatment with ascorbic acid. A preliminary report. Acta Vitaminol Enzymol 4: 155-162, 1982.

Greenwood, J. Optimum vitamin C intake as a factor in the preservation of disc integrity. Medical Annals of the District of Columbia, 33:274-276, 1964.

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Pauling, L. Vitamin C and the Common Cold. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, 1970.

Pauling, L. Vitamin C, the Common Cold, and the Flu. W.H. Freeman and Company, San Francisco, 1976.

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Schwartz ER. The modulation of osteoarthritic development by vitamins C and E. Int J Vitam Nutr Res Suppl. 26: 141-6, 1984.

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Siegel, BV. Enhancement of Interferon Response by poly(rI).- poly(rC) in Mouse Cultures by Ascorbic Acid. Nature 254:531-532, 1975.

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Stone, I. The Healing Factor: Vitamin C Against Disease. Grosset and Dunlap, New York, 1972.

Subramanian, N. et al. Detoxification of histamine with ascorbic acid. Biochemical Pharmacology. 27:1671-1673, 1973.

Sowers MR, Wallace RB and Lemke JH. Correlates of mid-radius bone density among postmenopausal women. A community study. Am J Clin Nutr 1985; 41: 1045 1053.

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Varma SD, Richards RD. Light-induced damage to ocular lens cation pump: Prevention by vitamin C. Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A 76: 3504-6, 1979.

Varma SD et al. Photoperoxidation of lens lipids: Prevention by vitamin E. Photochem Photobiol 36:6:623-36, 1982.

Varma SD. Ascorbic acid and the eye with special reference to the lens, in JJ Burns, JM Rivers, LJ Machlin, Eds. Third Conference on Vitamin C. New York, New York Academy of Sciences 498: 280-306, 1987.

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Wassertheil-Smoller S, Romney SC, Wylie-Rosett J et al. Dietary vitamin C and uterine cervical dysplasia. Am J Epidemiol 1981; 114: 714-724.

Weisburger J. Nutritional approach to cancer prevention with emphasis on vitamins, antioxidants, and carotenoids. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: S226-237.

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Will EJ, Bijvoet OL. Primary oxalosis: Clinical and biochemical response to high-dose pyridoxine therapy. Metabolism 28; 5:542-548, 1979.

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Yoshioka M, Matsushita T, Chuman Y. Inverse association of serum ascorbic acid level and blood pressure or rate of hypertension in male adults aged 30-39 years. Int J Vit Nutr Res 1984; 54: 343-347.

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Zureick M. Treatment of shingles and Herpes with Vitamin C intravenously. J des Praticiens 64:586, 1950.

Vitamin D

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Chapuy MC, Chapuy P, Mennier PJ. Calcium and vitamin D supplements. Effects on calcium metabolism in elderly people. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 46: 324-328.

Chapuy MC, Arlot ME, Duboeuf F et al. Vitamin D3 and calcium to prevent hip fractures in elderly women. N Engl J Med 1992; 327: 1637-1642.

Crombie IK. Distribution of malignant melanoma on the body surface. Br J Cancer 1981; 43: 842-849.

Gaby SK, Singh VN. Vitamin intake and health: A scientific review. New York: Marcel Dekker. 1990: p 59-70.

Garland CF, Garland FC. Do sunlight and vitamin D reduce the likelihood of colon cancer? Int J Epidemiol 1980; 9: 227-231.

Garland C, Shekelle RB, Barrett-Connor E et al. Dietary vitamin D and calcium and risk of colorectal cancer. Lancet 1985; 1: 307-309.

Garland CF, Comstock GW, Garland FC et al. Serum 25-hydroxy vitamin D and colon cancer. Lancet 1989; 2: 1176-1178.

Garland FC, Garland CF, Gorham ED et al. Geographic variation in breast cancer mortality in the United States. A hypothesis involving exposure to sular radiation. Arch Environ Health 1990; 45: 261-267.

Garland CF, Gorham ED, Young JF. Geographic variation in breast cancer mortality in the United States: A hypothesis involving exposure to solar radiation. Prevent Med 1990; 19: 614-622.

Haug S, Muller F, Aukrust P, et al. Subnormal serum concentrations of 1,25-vitamin D in human immunodeficiency virus infection: Correlation with degree of immune deficiency and survival. J Infect Dis 169:889-92, 1994.

Koh HK, Kligler BE, Lew RA. Sunlight and cutaneous malignant melanoma. Evidence for and against causation. Photochem Photobiol. 1990; 19: 614-622.

Kroger H, Penttila I, Alhava E. Low serum vitamin D metabolites in women with rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 22: 172-7, 1993.

Lips P, van Ginkel FC, Jongen MJ et al. Determinants of Vitamin D status in pahents with hip fracture and in elderly control subject. Am J Clin Nutr 1987; 46: 1005-1010.

MacLaughlin J, Holick MF. Aging decreases the capacity of human skill to produce vitamin D3. J Clin Invest; 1985; 76: 1536-1538.

McAlindon T, Felson D, Zhang Y, et al. Relation of dietary intake and serum levels of vitamin D to progression of osteoarthritis of the knee among participants in the Framingham study. Ann Intern Med 125; 5: 353-9, 1996.

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Omdahl JL, Garry PJ, Hunsaker LA et al. Nutritional status in a healthy elderly population: Vitamin D Nutritional status in a healthy elderly population: Vitamin D. Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 36: 1225-1233.

Parfitt AM, Gallagher JC, Heaney RP et al. Vitamin D and bone health in the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 36: 1014-1031.

Reed A et al. 25-hydroxy vitamin D therapy in children with active juvenile rheumatoid arthritis: Short-term effects on serum osteocalcin levels and bone mineral density. J Pediatr 119(4): 657-60, 1991.

Sowers MR, Wallace RB, Lemke JH. The association of intakes of vitamin D and calcium with blood pressure among women. Am J Clin Nutr 1985, 42: 135-142.

Sowers MF, Wallace RB, Hollis BW et al. Relationship between 1,25-dihydroxy vitamin D and blood pressure in our geographically defined population. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 48: 1053-1056.

Vagero R, Ringback G, Kiveranta H. Vagero Melanoma and other tumors of the skin among office, other outdoor/indoor workers in Sweden. Br J Cancer 1986; 53: 507-512.

Webb AR, Holick MF. Influence of season and latitude on cutaneous synthesis of vitamin D3. Ann Rev Nutr 1988; 8: 375-399.

Wiedmann KH, Brattig NW, Diao GD et al. Serum inhibiting factors (SIF) are of prognostic value in acute viral hepatitis. Lancet 1985; i: 307-309.

Vitamin E

Ackerman Z, Eliashiv S, Reches A, Zimmerman J. Neurological manifestations in celiac disease and vitamin E. J Clin Nutr 11; 5: 603-5, 1989.

Anderson TW et al. A double-blind trial of vitamin E in angina pectoris. Am J Clin Nutr 27:1174-8, 1974.

Adayeva Y et al. Vitamin E treatment in dystrophy of the macula lutea. Am J Ophthalmol 56:498, 1963.

Ayres S, Ihan R. Post-herpes Zoster neuralgia: Response to Vitamin E Therapy. Arch Dermatol 108:855-6, 1973.

Ayres S, Mihan R. Is vitamin E involved in the autoimmune mechanism? Cutis 21: 321-5, 1978.
Barboriak JJ et al. Vitamin E supplements and plasma high-density lipoprotein cholesterol. Am J Clin Pathol 77;3:371, 1982.

Bellizzi MC, Franklin MF, Duthie GG, et al. Vitamin E and coronary heart disease: The European paradox. Eur J Clin Nutr 48:822-31, 1994.

Bendich A, Machlin LJ. Safety of oral intake of vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr 1988; 48: 612 619.

Bierenbaum M, Reichstein R, Bhagavan H, et al. Relationship between serum lipid peroxidation products in hypercholesterolemic subjects and vitamin E status. Biochem Int 28:57-66, 1992.

Blankenhorn G. Vitamin E: Clinical research from Europe. Nutr Dietary Consult June, 1988.

Bruce A et al. The effect of selenium and vitamin E on glutathione peroxidase levels and subjective symptoms in patients with arthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis, in Proc N Z Workshop on Trace Elements in N Z. Dunedin, U. of Otago, 1981: 92.

Block MT. Vitamin E in the treatment of diseases of the skin. Clin Med January 1953, pp. 31-4.

Burgess JF, Pritchard JE. Tocopherol (vitamin E) treatment of lupus erythematosus: Preliminary report. Arch Dermatol Syphilol 57: 953, 1948.

Burton GW, Ingold KU. Vitamin E as an in vitro and in vivo antioxidant. In: Diplock AT, Machoin LJ, Parker L, Pryor WA, eds. Vitamin E: Biochemistry and health implications. Ann NY Acad Sci 1989; 570: 7-22.

Carpenter KLH, Cheeseman KH, Van Der Veen C, et al. Depletion of alpha-tocopherol in human atherosclerotic lesions. Free Rad Res 23:549- 58, 1995.

Cavarocchi NC et al. Superoxide generation during cardiopulmonary bypass: Is there a role for vitamin E? J Surg Res 40:519-27, 1986.

Chamiec T et al. Effects of antioxidant vitamins C and E on signal-averaged electrocardiogram and acute myocardial infarction. Am J Cardiol 77:237-41, 1996.

Chavance M. Nutrition, immunity, and illness in the elderly. New York: Pergamon Press. 1985: p 137-142.

Cheraskin E, Ringsdorf WM, Jr. Nutr Rep Int 1970, 2: 107-117.

Cloarec MJ et al. Alpha-tocopherol: Effect on plasma lipoproteins in hypercholesterolemic patients. Isr J Med Sci 23;8:869-72, 1987.

Cochrane T. Post-herpes Zoster neuralgia: Response to Vitamin E Therapy. Letter. Arch Dermatol 111:396, 1975.

Coghlan JG, Flitter WD, Clutton SM, et al. Lipid peroxidation and changes in vitamin E levels during coronary artery bypass grafting. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg 106;2:268-74, 1993.

Comstock GW et al. Serum concentrations of alpha-tocopherol, beta-carotene, and retinol preceding the diagnosis of rheumatoid arthritis and systemic lupus erythematosus. Ann Rheum Dis 56: 323-5, 1997.

Creighton MO, Trevitchick JR. Cortical cataract formation prevented by vitamin E and glutathione. Exp Eye Res 29:6:689-93, 1979.

Creighton MO et al. Modelling cortical cataractogenesis: V. Steroid cataracts induced by Solu-medrol partially prevented by vitamin E in vitro. Exp Eye Res 37:1:65-76, 1983.

Creter D et al. Effect of vitamin E on platelet aggregation in diabetic retinopathy. Acta Hematol 62:74, 1979.

DeMaio SJ et al. Vitamin E supplementation, plasma lipids and incidence of restenosis after percutaneous transluminal coronary angioplasty PTCA. J Am Coll Nutr 11;1:68-73, 1992.

Dieber-Rotheneder M et al. Effect of oral supplementation with D-alpha-tocopherol on the vitamin E content of human low density lipoproteins and resistance to oxidation. J Lipid Res 32:1325- 32, 1991.

DiMascio P, Murphy M, Sies H. Antioxidant and defense systems. The role of carotenoids, tocopherols and thiols. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: S194-200.

Dimitrov NV, Meyer C, Gilliland D et al. Plasma tocopherol concentrations in response to supplements vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 723-729.

Diplock AT, Machlin LJ, Packer L et al, eds. Daily vitamin E consumption and reported cardiovascular findings. New York: Ann NY Acad Sci. 1989: p 1-535.

Eldred GE. Vitamins A and E in RPE lipofuscin formation and implications for age-related macular degeneration. Prog Clin Biol Res 314:113-29, 1989.

Esterbauer H, Dieber-Rotheneder M, Striegl G et al. Role of vitamin E in preventing the oxidation of low-density lipoprotein. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 314S-321S.

Fahn S. A pilot trial of high-dose alpha-tocopherol and ascorbate in early Parkinson’s disease. Ann Neurol 32:S128-32, 1992; Fahn S. An open trial of high-dosage antioxidants in early Parkinson’s disease. Am J Clin Nutr 53:380S-1S, 1991.

Factor SA, Sanchez-Ramos JR, Weiner WJ. Vitamin E therapy in Parkinson’s disease. Adv Neurol 53:457-61, 1990.

Ferreira R et al. Antioxidant action of vitamins A and E in patients submitted to coronary bypass surgery. Vasc Surg 25:191-5, 1991.

Fink M, Fink J. Treatment of herpes simplex by alpha-tocopherol (Vitamin E). Br Dent J 148:246, 1980.

Fong JSC. Alpha-tocopherol. Its inhibition on human platelet aggregation. Experientia 32: 639-641, 1976.

Gaby WK, Machlin LJ. Vitamin intake and health: A scientific review. New York: Marcel Dekker. 1991: p 71-101.

Giani E, Masi I, Galli C. Heated fat; vitamin E and vascular eicosanoids. Lipids 1985; 20: 439-448.

Haenszel W, Correa P, Lopez A et al. Serum micronutrient levels in relation to gastric pathology. Int J Cancer 1985; 36: 43 48.

Hayes KC. Retinal degeneration in monkeys induced by deficiencies of vitamin E or A. Invest Ophthalmol Vis Sci 13:7:499-510, 1974.

Hennig B et al. Protective effects of vitamin E in age-related endothelial cell injury. Int J Vitam Nutr Res 59:273-9, 1989.

Herbaczynska-Cedro K, Klosiewicz-Wasek B, Cedro K, et al. Supplementation with vitamins C and E suppresses leukocyte oxygen free radical production in patients with myocardial infarction. Eur Heart J 16: 1044-9, 1995.

Hermann WJ et al. The effect of tocopherol on high-density lipoprotein cholesterol: A clinical observation. Am J Clin Pathol 72:848-52, 1979.

Honkanen V et al. Vitamins A and E, retinol binding protein and zinc in rheumatoid arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 7: 465-9, 1989.

Honkanen VEA et al. Serum cholesterol and vitamins A and E in juvenile chronic arthritis. Clin Exp Rheumatol 8: 187-91, 1990.

Horwitt MK. Supplementation with vitamin E. Am J Clin Nutr 1988, 47: 1088-1089.

Hu JJ et al. Effects of dietary supplementation of alpha-tocopherol on plasma glutathione and DNA repair activities. Canc Epidemiol Biomark Preven 5; (4):263-70, 1996.

Jacques PF. Chylack antioxidant status in persons with and without senile cataract. Arch Ophthalmol 1988 106: 337-340.

Jain SK, McVie R, Jaramillo JJ, et al. The effect of modest vitamin E supplementation on lipid peroxidation products and other cardiovascular risk factors in diabetic patients. Lipids 31:S87-90, 1996.

James S et al. Effekter av selenvitamin E-behandling till kvinnor med lång variga arbetsrelaterade nack-och skuldersmärtor. En dubbelblindstudie. Läkaresällskapets Riksstämma, 1985.

Jandak J et al. Reduction of platelet adhesiveness by vitamin E supplementation in humans. Thrombosis Res 49:393-404, 1988.

Jandak J et al. Alpha tocopherol, an effective inhibitor of platelet adhesion. Blood 73:141-9, 1989.

Jialal I, Grundy SM. Effect of dietary supplementation with alpha-tocopherol on the oxidative modification of low density lipoprotein. J Lipid Res 33;6:899-906, 1992.

Jialal L, Fuller CJ, Hunt BA. The effect of alpha-tocopherol supplementation on LDL oxidation. Arterioscler Thromb Vasc Biol 15:190-8, 1995.

Juhlin L et al. Blood glutathione-peroxidase levels in skin diseases: Effect of selenium and vitamin E treatment. Acta Derm Venereal (Stockh) 62; 3: 211-4, 1982.

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Vitamin K

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Coenzyme Q10

Battino M, Fato R, Lenaz G: Coenzyme Q10 can control the efficiency of oxidative phosphorylation.; Int J Tissue React 1990 12, no. 3, pp. 137-44.

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Simonsen R, Folkers K, Komorowski J, et al, in K Folkers, GP Littarru, T Yamagami, Eds. Biochemical and Clinical Aspects of Coenzyme Q10, Volume 6. Amsterdam, Elsevier Science Publ., 363-73, 1991.

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Minerals in general

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Preminger GM et al. Alkali action on the urinary crystallization of calcium salts: Contrasting responses to sodium citrate and potassium citrate. J Urol 139; 2:240-2, 1988.

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Boron

Chandra RK, Puri S. Trace elements in nutrition of children. New York: Raven Press. 1985: p 98.

Curzon MEJ, Crocker DC. Relationships of trace elements in human tooth enamel and dental caries. Arch Oral Biol 1978; 23: 647-653.

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Lovatt CJ, Dugger WM. Biochemistry of the essential ultratrace elements. New York: Plenum. p 389-421, 1984.

Meacham SL, Tapcr LJ, Volpe SL et al. Effect of boron supplementation on blood and urinary calcium, magnesium, phosphorous and urinary boron in athletic and sedentary women. Am J Clin Nutr 61: 341-345, 1995.

Naghii, MR, Samman, S. The effect of boron supplementation on the distribution of boron in selected tissues and on testosterone synthesis in rats. Nutr Biochem 7: 507-512, 1996.

Newnham RE. Boron beats arthritis. Proc ANZAAS, Australian Academy of Science, Canberra, Australia, 1979.
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Newnham RE. Arthritis or skeletal fluorosis and boron. Int Clin Nutr Rev 11; 2: 68-70, 1991.

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Nielsen FH. Trace substances in environmental health - 18. Columbia: Univ Missouri Press 1984: p 47-52.

Nielsen FH. Ultratrace elements in nutrition. Ann Rev Nutr 1984; 4: 21-41.

Nielsen FH, Hunt CD, Mullen LM, Hunt JR. Effect of dietary boron on mineral, estrogen, and testosterone metabolism in postmenopausal women. FASEB J 1987; 1: 394-397.

Nielsen FH, Shuler TR, Zimmerman TJ, Uthus EO. Magnesium and methionine deprivation affect the response of rats to boron deprivation. Biol Trace Elem Res 1988,17: 91-99.

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Calcium

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Cook J, Dassenko S, Whittaker P. Calcium supplementation. Effect on iron absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 106-111.

Dawson-Hughes B, Jacques P, Shipp C. Dietary calcium intake and bone loss from the spine in healthy postmenopausal women. Am J Clin Nutr 1987, 46: 685-687.

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Jowsey J. Osteoporosis. dealing with a crippling bone disease of the elderly. Geriatrics 1977; 32: 41-50.

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Kanders B, Dempster DW, Lindsay R. Interaction of calcium nutrition and physical activity on bone mass in young women. J Bone Miner Res 1988; 3: 145-149.

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Mazess RB, Barden HS. Bone density in premenopausal women: Effects of age, dietary intake, physical activity, smoking, and birth-control pills. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 132-142.

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Nilas L, Christiansen C, Rodbro P. Calcium supplementation and postmenopausal bone loss. Br Med J 1984; 289: 1103-1106.

Nordin BE, Polley KJ. Metabolic consequences of the menopause. A cross-sectional, longitudinal, and intervention study on 557 normal postmenopausal women. Calcif Tissue Int 1987; 41: 1-59.

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Riggs BL, Wahner HW, Melton LJ 3rd et al. Dietary calcium intake and rates of bone loss in women. J Clin Invest 1987; 80: 979-982.

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Sowers MR, Wallace RB, Lemke JH. Correlates of mid-radius bone density among postmenopausal women. A community study. Am J Clin Nutr 1985; 41: 1045-1053.

Spencer H, Karmer L et al. Effect of a high protein (meat) intake on calcium metabolism in man. Am J Clin Nutr 1978; 31: 2167-2180.

Stevenson JC, Whitehead MI, Padwick M et al. Dietary intake of calcium and postmenopausal bone loss. Br Med J 1988; 297: 15-17.

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Webb RC, Bohr DF. Mechanism of membrane stabilization by calcium in vascular smooth muscle. Am J Physiol 1978; 235: C227.

Chromium

Anderson RA, Polansky MM, Bryden NA et al. Urinary chromium excretion of human subjects. Effects of chromium supplementation and glucose loading. Am J Clin Nutr 36: 1184 1193, 1982.

Anderson RA, Polansky MM, Bryden NA, Patterson KY, Veillon C, Glinsmann. Effects of chromium supplementation on urinary Cr excretion with selected clinical parameters. J Nutr, 113: 276-281, 1983.

Anderson RA et al. Chromium supplementation of humans with hypoglycemia. Fed Proc 43:471, 1984.

Anderson RA, Polansky MM, Bryden NA. Acute effects on chromium, copper, zinc and selected clinical variables in urine and serum of male runners. Biol Trace Elem Res 6: 327-336, 1984..

Anderson RA, Kozlovsky AS. Chromium intake, absorption and excretion of subjects consuming self-selected diets. Am J Clin Nutr 1985; 42: 1177-1183.

Anderson RA. Chromium metabolism and its role in disease processes in man. Clin Physiol Biochem, 4: 31 41, 1986.

Anderson RA, Polansky MM, Bryden NA, et al.: Effects of supplemental chromium on patients with symptoms of reactive hypoglycemia. Metabolism 36; 4:351-5, 1987.

Anderson RA. Chromium and its role in lean body mass and weight reduction. Nutrition Report 11: 41, 46, 1991.

Anderson RA: Chromium, glucose tolerance, and diabetes.; Biol Trace Elem Res 32, pp. 19-24, 1992.

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Borel JS, Anderson RA. Biochemistry of the essential ultratrace elements. New York: Plenum. 1984: p 175-199

Brewer G, Turkay A, Yuzbasiyan-Gurkan V, Barnett J. Chromium supplementation and insulin sensitivity in psoriasis. Abstract. J Am Coll Nutr 12:588, 1993.

Bunker VW, Lawson MS, Delves HT, Clayton BE. The intake and excretion of chromium by the elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 1984; 39: 799-802

Clausen J. Chromium induced clinical improvement in symptomatic hypoglycemia. Biol Trace Elem Res 17:229-36, 1988.

Donaldson DL, Rennert OM. Metabolism of trace elements in man, vol. 2: genetic implications. Boca Raton, FL: CRC Press. 1984: p 113-132

Evans GW, Ropginksi EE, Mertz W. Interaction of the glucose tolerance factor (GFW) with insulin. Biochem Biophys Res Commun 1973; 50: 718 722

Evans GW. The effect of chromium picolinate on insulin controlled parameters in humans. Int J Biosocial Med Res 1989; 11: 163-180

Gibson RS, Scythes CA. Chromium, selelnium and other trace element intakes of a selected sample of Canadian premenopausal women. Biol Trace Eleme Res 1984; 6: 105-116

Gordon JB. An easy and inexpensive way to lower cholesterol? [letter; comment] West J Med 1991; 154: 3

Kozlovsky AS, Moser PB, Reiser S, Anderson RA. Effects of diets high in simple sugars on urinary chromium losses. Mctabolism 1986; 35: 515-518

Lefavi R. Lipid-lowering effects of a dietary nicotinic acid-chromium III complex in male athletes. FASEB J 5;6:A1645, 1991.

Lefavi R et al. Lipid-lowering effect of a dietary chromium III-nicotinic acid complex in male athletes. Nutr Res 13:239-49, 1993.

Levine R et al. Effect of Oral chromium Supplementation of the Glucose Tolerance of Elderly Human Subjects. Metabolism 17; 114-25, 1968.

Menendez CE, Stoecker BJ. Nutrition and diabetes. New York: Alan R. Liss. 1985: p 15 36

Offenbacher EG, Pi-Sunyer FX. Beneficial effect of chromium-rich yeast on glucose tolerance and blood lipids in elderly subjects. Diabetes 1980; 29: 919

Offenbacher EG, Rinko CJ, Pi-Sunyer FX. The effects of inorganic chromium and brewer's yeast on glucose tolerance, plasma lipids, and plasma chromium in elderly subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1985; 42: 454-456
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Pekarek RS, Hayer EC, Rayfield EJ et al. Relationship between serum chromium concentrations and glucose utilization in normal and infected subjects. Diabetes 1975 24: 350 353

Press RI, Geller J, Evans GW. The effect of chromium picolinate on serum cholesterol and apolipoprotein fractions in human subjects. West J Med 1990; 152: 41-45

Reaven GM. Banting lecture 1988. Role of insulin resistance in human disease. Diabetes 1988; 37: 1595 1607

Schroeder HA. The role of chromium in mammalian nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 1968; 21: 230-244

Seaborn CD, Stoecker BJ. Effects of antacid or ascorbic acid on tissue accumulation and urinary excretion of 51chromium. Nutr Res 1990; 10: 1401-1407

Simonoff M, Llabador Y, Hamon C et al. Low plasma chromium in patients with coronary artery and heart disease. Biol Trace Elem Res 1984; 6: 431-439
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Urberg M et al. Hypocholesterolemic effect of nicotinic acid and chromium supplementation. J Fam Pract 27;6:603-6, 1988.

Uusitupa MI, Kumpulainen JT, Voutilainen E, Hersio K, Sarlund H, Pyorala KP, Koivistoinen PE, Lehto JT. Effect of inorganic chromium supplementation on glucose non-insulin-dependent diabetics. Am J Clin Nutr 38: 404-410, 1983.

Wang M, Fox E, Stoecker B. Serum cholesterol of adults supplemented with brewer's yeast or chromium chloride. Nutr Res 9: 989-998, 1989.
Wedrychowski A, Ward WA, Schmidt WN, Hnilica LS. Chromium-induced cross-linking of nuclear proteins and DNA. J Biol Chem 260: 7150-7155, 1985.
Wolf W, Mertz W, Masironi R. Determination of chromium in refined and unrefined sugars. J Agr Food Chem 22: 1037-1042, 1974.
Copper
Anonymous. Copper affects atherosclerosis. Med Tribune 1991; 32: 6.

Banford JC et al. Serum Copper and Erythrocyte Superoxide Dismutase in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 41; 5: 458-62, 1982.

Bland, J. Copper salicylates and complexes in molecular medicine. Int Clin Nutr Rev 4; 3: 130-4, 1984.

Conforti A, Franco L, Menegale G, et al. Serum copper and ceruloplasmin levels in rheumatoid arthritis and degenerative joint disease and their pharmacological implications. Pharmacol Res Commun 15; 9: 859-67, 1983.

Dowdy RP. Copper metabolism. Am J Clin Nutr 1969; 22: 887.

Evans GW. Copper homeostasis in the mammalian system. Physiol Rev 1973; 53: 535.

Fields M, Ferretti RJ, Smith JC Jr, Reiser S. The interaction of type of dietary carbohydrates with copper deficiency. Am J Clin Nutr 1984; 39: 289-295.

Fletcher MP, Gershwin ME, Keen CL et al. Trace element deficiences and immune responsiveness in human and animal models. In: Chandra RK, ed. Nutrition and immunology. New York: Alan R. Liss. 1988: p 215-239.

Goyens P et al. Copper deficiency in infants with active celiac disease. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr 4; (4):677-80, 1985.

Grennan DM et al. Serum copper and zinc in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. N Z Med J 91; 652: 47-50, 1980.

Hangarter W. Copper salicylate in rheumatoid arthritis and rheumatism-like degenerative diseases. Med Welt 31:1625, 1980.

Honkanen VEA et al. Plasma zinc and copper concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis: Influence of dietary factors and disease activity. Am J Clin Nutr 54: 1082-6, 1991.

Jacka T et al. Copper salicylate as an anti-inflammatory and analgaesic agent in arthritic rats. Life Sci 32: 1023, 1983.

Jameson S et al. Copper malabsorption in coeliac disease. Sci Total Environ 42; (1-2):29-36, 1985.
Kelley DS, Dauda PA, Taylor PC et al. Effects of low-copper diets on human immune response. Am J Clin Nutr 19g5; 62: 412-416.

Kishore V et al. Effect of a nutritional copper deficiency on the development of adjuvant arthritis in the rat, in DD Hemphill, Ed. Trace Substances in Environmental Health XVI. Columbia, MO, U. of Missouri, 1982.
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Lynch S, Klevay L. Effects of a dietary copper deficiency on plasma coagulation factor activities in male and female mice. J Nutr Biochem 3:387, 1992.

Mussalo-Rauhamaa H et al. Predictive clinical and laboratory parameters for serum zinc and copper in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 47; (10): 816-19, 1988.

Niedermeier W. Concentration and chemical state of copper in synovial fluid and blood serum of patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 24: 544, 1965.

O'Dell BL. Copper. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 6th edn. Washington DC: Nutrition Foundation. 1990: p 261-265.

Okuyama S et al. Copper complexes of non-steroidal antiinflammatory agents: Analgesic activity and possible opioid receptor activation. Agents Actions 21; (1-2): 130-44, 1987.

Percival S.S. Neutropenia caused by copper deficiency. Possible mechanisms of action. Nutr Rev 1995; 53: 59 66.

Pocino M, Baute L, Malav'e I. Influence of oral administration of excess copper on the immune response. Fund Appl Therap 1991; 16: 249-256.

Posacki C, et al. Plasma, Copper, Zinc, and Magnesium Levels in Patients with Premenstrual Tension Syndrome, Acta syndrome : Obstet Gynecol Scand 73 : 452-5, 1994.

Reunanen A, Knekt P, Marniemi J et al. Serum calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc and risk of cardiovascular death. Eur J Clin Nutr 50: 431-437.

Schroeder HA, Nason AP, Tipton IH. Essential trace metals in man. J Chron Dis 1966; 19: 1007-1034.

Sorenson JRJ. Copper chelates as possible active forms of anti-arthritic agents. J Med Chem 19: 135, 1976.

Sorenson JRJ, Hangarter W. Treatment of Rheumatoid and Degenerative Diseases with Copper Complexes: A review with Emphasis on Copper-salicylate. Inflammation 2; 3: 217-38, 1977.

Sorenson JRJ. Copper complexes: A unique class of anti-arthritic drugs. Prog Med Chem 15: 211, 1978.

Sorenson JRJ. The Anti-inflammatory Activities of Copper Complexes, Metal Ions and Biological Systems. Marcel Dekker, 1982: 77-125.

Stemmer KL, Petering HG, Murthy L et al. Copper deficiency effects on cardiovascular systems and lipid metabolism in the rat the role of dietary proteins and excessive zinc. Ann Nutr Metabol 1985; 29: 332-347.

Watts DL. The nutritional relationships of copper. J Orthomol Med 4(2): 99-108, 1989.

Youssef AA et al. Serum copper: A marker of disease activity in rheumatoid arthritis. J Clin Pathol 36; 1: 14-17, 1983.

Zelkowitz M, Verghese JP, Antel J. Zinc and copper in medicine. Springfield IL: Charles C. Thomas. 1980: p 418-463.

Iodine

Eskin B.A. et al. Mammary Gland Dysplasia in Iodine Deficiency, JAMA 200; 691-5, 1967.

Ghent W.R. et al. Iodine Replacement in Fibrocystic Disease of the Breast, Can J Surg 36; 453-60, 1993.

Hetzel, SC. Present knowledge in nutrition. 6th edn. Iodine deficiency. An international public health problem. Washington DC: Nutrition Foundation. p 308-312, 1990.

Hetzel, B.S. Iodine deficiency and fetal brain damage. N Eng J Med. 331: 1770-1771, 1994.

Hunnikin C, Wood FO. Endemic goiter and endemic cretinism. New York: John Wiley. p 497-512, 1980.

Kearny, CH, Orient, JM. Thyroid protection. Science. 274: 1596-1597, 1996.

Matovinovic J, Trowbridge FL. Endemic goiter and endemic cretinism. New York: John Wiley. p 37-67, 1980.

Matovinovic J. Endemic goiter and cretinism at the dawn of the third millenium. Ann Rev Nutr 3: 341-412, 1983.

Stanbury, JB. Iodine deficiency and the iodine deficiency disorders. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Iodine. Washington, DC: Nutrition Foundation. p 378-383, 1996.

Wang YY, Yang SH. Improvement in hearing among otherwise normal schoolchildren in iodine-deficient areas of Guizhou China, following use of iodized salt. Lancet 2: 518-520, 1985.

Xue-Yi C, Xin-Min J, Zhi-Hong D et al. Timin of vulnerability of the brain to iodine deficiency in endemic cretinism. N Eng J Med. 331: 1739-1744, 1994.

Iron

Allen, LH. Pregnancy and iron deficiency. Unresolved issues. Nutr Rev 1997; 55: 91-100.

Anonymous. Vitamin A deficiency and anemia. Nutr Rev 1979; 37: 38-40.

Anonymous. Vitamin A deficiency and iron nutriture. Nutr Rev 1984; 42: 167-168.

Ballin A, Berar M, Rubinstein U, et al. Iron state in female adolescents. Am J Dis Child 146(7): 803-5, 1992.

Ballott DE, MacPhail AP, Bothwell TH et al. Fortification of curry powder with NaFe(111) EDTA in an iron-deficient population. Initial survey of iron status. Am J Clin Nutr 1989; 49: 156-161.

Bates CJ et al. Vitamins, iron, and physical work. Lancet ii: 313-14, 1989.

Beard, JL, Dawson H, Pinero, DJ. Iron metabolism. A comprehensive review. Nutr Rev 1996; 54: 295-317.

Beutler E, Larsh SE, Gurney CW. Iron therapy in chronically fatigued, nonanemic women; a double-blind study. Ann Intern Med 1960; 52: 378-394.

Blake DR et al. The importance of iron in rheumatoid disease. Lancet ii: 1142-4, 1981.

Blake DR et al. Effect of intravenous iron dextran on rheumatoid synovitis. Ann Rheum Dis 44: 183-8, 1985.

Buetler E, Larsh SE, Gurney CW. Iron therapy in chronically fatigued non-anemic women: A double blind study. Ann Intern Med 52: 378-94, 1960.

Chua ACG, Morgan EH. Effects of iron deficiency and iron overload on manganese uptake and deposition in the brain and other organs of the rat. Biol Trace Elem Res 1996; 55: 39-54.

Cook J, Dassenko S, Whittaker P. Calcium supplementation. Effect on iron absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 106-111.

Dallman PR, Beutler E, Finch CA. Effects of Iron deficiency exclusive of anaemia Br J Haematol 1978; 40: 179-184.

Dallman, PR. Iron. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 6th edn. Washington DC: Nutrition Foundation. 1990: p 241-250.

Dalton MA et al. Calcium and phosphorous supplementation of iron-fortified infant formula. No effect on iron status of healthy full-term infants. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65: 921-926.

Edgerton VR, Ohira Y et al. Toleration of hemoglobin and work tolerance in iron deficient subjects. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 1981; 27: 77-86.

Fairweather Tait SJ, Minihane AM, Eagles J et al. Rare earth elements as nonabsorable fecal markers in studies of iron absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65: 970-976.

Dabbagh AJ. Trenam CW, Morris CJ, Blake DR. Iron in joint inflammation. Ann Rheum Dis 52:67-73, 1993.

Dabbagh AJ. Trenam CW, Morris CJ, Blake DR. Iron in joint inflammation. Ann Rheum Dis 52:67-73, 1993.

Davidson A et al. Red cell ferritin content: A re-evaluation of indices for iron deficiency in the anaemia of rheumatoid arthritis. Br Med J 289: 648-50, 1984.

Gardner GW et al. Physical work capacity and metabolic stress in subjects with iron deficiency anemia. Am J Clin Nutr 30; 6: 910-17, 1977.

Gleerup A, Rossander-Hulthen L, Gramatkovski E et al. Iron absorption from the whole diet: comparison of the effect of two different distributions of daily calcium intake. Am J Clin Nutr 1995; 61: 97-104.

Green R, Charlton R et al. Body iron excretion in man; a collaborative study. Am J Med 1968; 45: 336-353.

Hallber L. Bioavailability of dietary iron in man. Ann Rev Nutr 1981; 1: 123-147.

Hallberg L, Nilsson L. Constancy of individual menstrual blood loss. Acta Obstet Gynecol Scand 1964; 43: 352-359.

Hallberg L, Rossander L, Persson H. Deleterious effects of prolonged warming of meals on ascorbic acid content and iron absorption. Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 36: 846-850.

Hallberg L, Brune M, Erlandsson M et al. Calcium. Effect of different amounts on nonheme- and heme-iron absorption in humans. Am J Clin Nutr 1991; 53: 112-119.

Hansen TM et al. Serum ferritin and the assessment of iron deficiency in rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 12; 4: 353-9, 1983.

Hansen TM, Hansen NE. Serum ferritin as indicator of iron responsive anemia in patients with rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 45: 569, 1986.

Hunt, JR, Gallagher, SK, Johnson, LK. Effect of ascorbic acid on apparent iron absorption by women with low iron stores. Am J Clin Nutr 1994; 59: 1381-1385.

Kent S, Weinberg E. Hypoferremia. Adaptation to disease? New Eng J Med 1989; 320: 672.

Kies C, ed. Nutritional bioavailability of iron. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. 1982.

Kies, C, Bylund, DM. Iron status of adolescent boys and girls as influenced by variations in dietary ascorbic acid and iron intakes. Nutr Rep Intl 1989; 40: 43-51.

Li R, Chen X, Yan H, et al. Functional consequences of Iron Supplementation in iron-deficient female cotton mill workers in Beijing, China. Am J Clin Nutr 59: 908-13, 1994.

Lynch, SR. Interaction of iron with other nutrients. Nutr Rev 1997; 55: 102-110.

Magnusson B, Bjorn-Rasmussen E, Hallberg L et al. Iron absorption in relation to iron status. Model proposed to express results of food iron absorption measurements. Scand J Haematol 1981; 27: 201-208.

McCord, JM. Effects of positive iron status at a cellular level. Nutr Rev 1996; 54: 85-88.

Muirden KD, Senator GB. Iron in the synovial membrane in rheumatoid arthritis and other joint diseases. Ann Rheum Dis 27: 38-48, 1968.

Ohira Y, Edgerton VR, Gardner GW et al. Work capacity after iron treatment as a function of hemoglobin and iron deficiency. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 1981; 27: 87-96.

Oski FA, Honig AS, Helu B, Howanitz P. Effect of iron therapy on behavior performance in nonanemic, iron-deficient infants. Pediatrics 1983; 71: 877-880.

Oski FA, Honig AS. The effects of therapy on the developmental scores of iron deficient infants. J Pediatr 1978; 92: 21-25.

Pollitt E, Leibel RL. Iron deficiency and behavior. J Pediatr 1976; 88: 372-381.

Pollitt E, Leibel RL, Greenfield DB. Iron deficiency and cognitive test performance in preschool children. Nutr Behavior 1983; 1: 137-146.

Pollitt E, Soemantri AG, Yunis F, Scrimshaw NS. Cognitive effects of iron-deficiency anaemia. Lancet 1985; 1: 158.

Prasad MK, Pratt CA. The effects of exercise and two levels of dietary iron on iron status. Nutr Res 1990; 10: 1273-1283.

Rothwell RS, Davis P. Relationship between serum ferritin, anemia, and disease activity in acute and chronic rheumatoid arthritis. Rheumatol Int 1(2): 65-7, 1981.

Scrimshaw NS. Functional consequences of iron deficiency in human populations. J Nutr Sci Vitaminol 1984; 30: 47-63.

Sempos, CT, Looker, AC, Gillum, RF. Iron and heart disease. The epidemiologic data. Nutr Rev 1996; 54: 73-88.

Sheard, NF. Iron deficiency and infant development. Nutr Rev 1994; 52: 137-140.

Stãhlberg MR, Savilahti E, Siimes MA. Iron deficiency in coeliac disease is mild and it is detected and corrected by gluten-free diet. Acta Paediatr Scand 80; (2):190-3, 1991.

Tucker DM, Sandstead HH, Penland JG et al. Iron status and brain function: serum ferritin levels associated with asymmetries of cortical electrophysiology and cognitive performance. Am J Clin Nutr 1984; 39: 105-113.

Voorhees ML, Stuart MJ et al. Iron deficiency anemia and increased urinary norepinephrine. J Pediatr 1g74; 86: 542-547.

Vreugdenhil G et al. Efficacy and safety of oral iron chelator L1 in anaemic rheumatoid arthritis patients. Letter. Lancet ii: 1398-9, 1989.

Walter T, Olivares M, Pizarro F et al. Iron, anemia, and infection. Nutr Rev 1997; 55: 111-124.

Webb TE, Oski FA. Iron deficiency anemia and scholastic achievement in young adolescents. J Pediatr 1973; 82: 827-830.

Webb TE, Oski FA. Behavioral status of young adolescents with iron deficiency anemia. J Spec Educ 1974; 8: 153-156.

Willis WT et al. Iron deficiency: Improved exercise performance within 15 hours of iron treatment in rats. J Nutr 120; 8: 909-16, 1990.

Yip, R, Dallman, PR. Iron. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington, DC: Nutrition Foundation. 1996: p 277-292.

Zittoun J, Blot 1, Hill C et al. Iron supplements versus placebo in pregnancy. Its effects on iron and folate status on mothers and newborns. Ann Nutr Metabol 1983; 27: 320-327.
Magnesium
Abraham AS, Eylath U et al. Serum magnesium levels in patients with acute myocardial infarction. New Eng J Med 296: 862-863, 1977.

Abraham GE, Flechas JD. Hypothesis: Management of fibromyalgia: rationale for the use of magnesium and malic acid. J Nutr Med 3:49-59, 1992.

Annand JC. Pyridoxine and magnesium in the treatment of shock. Lancet ii: 340-1, 1957.

Berger DS, Reiter WM, Vorce DE, et al. Prevalence of red blood cell magnesium deficiency in HIV-1 infected patients and its association with fatigue and myalgia. Abstract. J Am Coll Nutr 13; 5: 522, 1994.
Brenton DP, Gordon TE. Fluid and electrolyte disorders. Magnesium. Br J Hospital Med 1: 60-69, 1984.

Curry DL et al.:Magnesium modulation of glucose-induced insulin secretion by the perfused rat
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Dahle LO, Berg G, Hammar M et al. The effect of oral magnesium substitution on pregnancy-induced leg cramps. Am J Obstet Gynecol 1995; 173: 175-180.
DeLuca HF. The Vitamin D system in the regulation of calcium and phosphorus metabolism. Nutr Rev 1979; 37: 161-193.
Dreosti, IE. Magnesium status and health. Nutr Rev 1995; 53: S23-S27.
Dunn MJ, Waber M. Magnesium depletion in normal man. Metabolism 1966; 15: 884-895.

Eisinger J, Bagneres D, Arroyo P, et al. Effects of magnesium, high energyphosphates, piracetam and thiamin on erythrocyte transketolase. Magnes Res 7(1):59-61, 1994.

Eriksson J, Kohvakka A. Magnesium and ascorbic acid supplementation in diabetes mellitus. Ann Nutr Metab 394:217-23, 1995.

Fletcher MP, Gershwin ME, Keen CL et al. Trace element deficiences and immune responsiveness in humans and animal models. In: Chandra RJ, ed. Nutrition and immunology. New York: Alan R. Liss. 1988: p 215-239.

Hallson PG, Rose G, Sulaiman SM. Magnesium reduces calcium oxalate crystal formahon in human whole unne. Clin Sci 62: 17-19, 1982.

Hodgkinson A, Marshall DH, Nordin BEC. Vitamin D and magncsium absorption in man. Clin Sci 1979; 57: 121-123.

Howard JMH. Magnesium deficiency in peripheral vascular disease. J Nutr Med 1990; 1: 39-49.

Johansson G et al. Biochemical and clinical effects of prophylactic treatment of renal calcium stones with magnesium hydroxide. J Urol 124; 6:770-4, 1980.

Johansson G, Backman U, Danielson B et al. Magnesium metabolism in renal stone formers. Effects of therapy with magnesium hydroxide. Scand J Urol Nephrol 53: 125-130, 1980.

Johansson G. Magnesium and renal stone disease. Acta Med Scand; suppl 661:13-18, 1982

Johansson G et al. Effects of magnesium hydroxide in renal stone disease. J Am Coll Nutr 1, 2:179-85, 1982.

Jones JE, Manalo R, Flink EB et al. Magnesium requirements in adults. Am J Clin Nutr 1967; 20: 632.

Laban E, Chardon GA. Magnesium and cardiac arrhythmias. Nutrient or drug? J Am Coll Nutr 1986; 5: 521-532.

Lemke, MR. Plasma magnesium decrease and altered calcium/magnesium ratior in severe dementia of the Alzheimer typc. Biol Psychiatry 1995; 37: 341-343.

Lindberg J, Harvey J, Pak CYC. Effect of magnesium citrate and magnesium oxide on the crystallization of calcium salts in urine: changes produced by food-magnesium interaction. J Urol 143; 2:248-51, 1990.

Lyon E, Borden T, Ellis J, Vermeulen C. Calcium oxalate lithiasis produced by pyridoxine deficiency and inhibition with high magnesium diets. Invest Urol 4: 133-142, 1966.

Posacki C, et al. Plasma, Copper, Zinc, and Magnesium Levels in Patients with Premenstrual Tension Syndrome, Acta syndrome : Obstet Gynecol Scand 73; 452-5, 1994.

Prien EL, Gershoff S. Magnesium oxide-pyridoxine therapy for recurring calcium oxalate urinary calculi. J Urol 112:509-512, 1974.

Rattan VF, Sidhu H, Vaidyanathan S, et al. Effect of combined supplementation of magnesium oxide and pyridoxine in calcium-oxalate stone formers. Urol Res 22; 3:161-5, 1994.

Resnick LM, Gupta RK, Laragh JH. Intracellular free magnesium to erythrocytes of essential hypertension. Relation to blood pressure and serum divalent cations. Proc Nat Aca Sci 1984 81: 6511-6515.

Romano TJ, Stiller JW. Magnesium deficiency in fibromyalgia syndrome. J Nutr Med 4:165-7, 1994.

Romano TJ. Magnesium deficiency in systemic lupus erythematosus. J Nutr Environ Med 7: 107-11, 1997.

Rude RK, Olerich Ml. Magnesium deficiency: Possible role in osteoporosis associated with gluten-sensitive enteropathy. Osteoporosis Int 6; (6):453-61, 1996.
Rushton H, Spector M. Effects of magnesium deficiency on intra tubular calcium oxalate formation and crystalluria in hyperoxaluric rats. J Urol 127: 598-604, 1982.

Seelig MS. The requirement of magnesium by the normal adult. Am J Clin Nutr 1964; 14: 342-390.

Seelig MS, Heggtveit H. Magnesium interrelationships in ischemic heart disease. Am J Clin Nutr l974; 27: 59-79.

Seelig MS. Magnesium in oncogenesis and in anti-cancer treatment interaction with minerals and vitamins. In: Ouillian, P, Williams, RM, eds. Adjucant nutrition in cancer treatment. Publ Cancer Treatment Res Foundation, 1993; 15: 238-318.

Schmiedl A, Schwille P. Magnesium status in idiopathic calcium urolithiasis -An
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Sheehan JP, Seelig MS. Interactions of magnesium and potassium in the pathogenesis of cardiovascular disease. Magnesium 1984; 3: 301-314.

Shils, ME. Magnesium. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington, DC: Nutrition Foundation. 1996: p 256-264.

Shils ME. Experimental human magnesium depletion. Medicine 1969; 48: 61-85.

Shils ME. Experimental human magnesium depletion. I. Clinical observations and blood chemistry alterations. Am J Clin Nutr 1964; 15: 133-143.

Shine Kl. Myocardial effects of magnesium. Am J Physiol 1979; 237: H413-H423.

Singh RB, Cameron EA. Relation of myocardial magnesium deficiency to sudden death in ischemic heart disease. Am Heart J 1982; 103: 399-450.

Sjogren A, Edvinsson L, Fallgren B. Magnesium deficiency in coronary artery diseases and cardiac arrhythmias. J Int Med 1989; 226: 213-222.

Takahasi E. The magnesium:calcium ratio in the concentrated urines of patients with calcium oxalate calculi. Invest Urol 10:147, 1972.

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Wunderlich W. Aspects of the influence of magnesium ions on the formation of calcium oxalate. Urol Res 1981; 9: 157-160.

Manganese

Baly DL, Curry DL, Keen CL, Hurley LS. Effect of manganese deficiency on insulin secretion and homeostasis in rats. J Nutr 1984; 114: 1438-1446.

Beisel WR. Single nutrients and immunity. Am J Clin Nutr 1982; 35: 456.

Bertinchamps AJ, Miller ST, Cotzias GC. Interdependence of routes excreting manganese. Am J Physiol 1966 211: 217-224.
Britton AA, Cotzias GC. Dependence of manganese turnover on intake. Am J Physiol 1966; 221: 203-206.

Cotzias GC et al. Slow turnover of manganese in active rheumatoid arthritis and acceleration by prednisone. J Clin Invest 47:992, 1968.
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Greger JL, Baligar P, Abernathy RP et al. Calcium, magnesium, phosphorus, coppcr, and manganese balance in adolescent females. Am J Clin Nutr 1978; 31: 117-121.

Gribauskas P et al. Manganese levels in hair as an additional indicator for early diagnosis of ischemic disease of the heart. Lab Delo ;10:629, 1985.

Gruden N. Suppression of transduodenal manganese transport by milk diet supplemented with iron. Nutr Metabol 1977; 21: 305-309.

Guthrie BE, Robinson MF. Daily intakes of manganese, copper, zinc and cadmium by New Zealand women. Br J Nutr 1977; 38: 55-63.

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Kies C, ed. Nutritional bioavailability of manganese. Washington, DC: American Chemical Society. 1982.

McLeod BE, Robinson MF. Metabolic balance of manganese in young women. Br J Nutr 1972; 27: 221-227.

Schlage C, Wortberg B. Manganese in the diet of healthy preschool and school children. Acta Paediatr Scand 1972, 61: 648-652.

Spencer H, Asmussen CR, Holtzman RB et al. Metabolic balances of cadmium, copper, manganese, and zinc in man. Am J Clin Nutr 1979; 32: 1867-1875.

Wenlock RW, Buss DH, Dixon EJ. Manganese in British food. Br J Nutr 1979; 41: 253-261.

Selenium

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Bruce A et al. The effect of selenium and vitamin E on glutathione peroxidase levels and subjective symptoms in patients with arthrosis and rheumatoid arthritis, in Proc N Z Workshop on Trace Elements in N Z. Dunedin, U. of Otago, 1981: 92.

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Clark L, Combs GF Jr, Turnbull BW et al. Effects of selenium supplementation for cancer prevention in patients with carcinoma of the skin. JAMA 1996.

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Delmas-Beauvieux M-C, Peuchant E, Couchouron A, et al. The enzymatic antioxidant system in blood and glutathione status in human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)-infected patients: Effects of supplementation with selenium or carotene. Am J Clin Nutr 64:101-7, 1996.
Fletcher MP, Gershwin ME, Keen CL et al. Trace element deficiences and immune responsiveness in humans and animal models. In: Chandra RK, ed. Nutrition and immunology. New York: Alan R, Liss. p 215-239, 1988.

Gebre-Medhin M et al. Selenium supplementation in X-linked muscular dystrophy. Effects on erythrocyte and serum selenium and on erythrocyte glutathione peroxidase activity. Acta Paediatr Scand 74;6:886-90, 1985.
Glover JR. Proceedings of the symposium on selenium-tellurium environments. Pittsburgh: Industrial Health Foundation. 1976: p 279-292.

Hinks LJ, Inwards KD, Lloyd B, Clayton BE. Body content of selenium in coeliac disease. Br Med J Clin Res 288:1862-3, 1984.
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James S et al. Effekter av selenvitamin E-behandling till kvinnor med lång variga arbetsrelaterade nack-och skuldersmärtor. En dubbelblindstudie. Läkaresällskapets Riksstämma, 1985.

Jameson S et al. Pain relief and selenium balance in patients with connective tissue disease and osteoarthrosis: A double-blind selenium tocopherol supplementation study. Nutr Res Suppl 1: 391-7, 1985.

Juhlin L et al. Blood glutathione-peroxidase levels in skin diseases: Effect of selenium and vitamin E treatment. Acta Derm Venereal (Stockh) 62; 3: 211-4, 1982.

Karakucuk S et al. Selenium concentrations in serum, lens and aqueous humor of patients with senile cataract. Acta Ophthalmol Scand 73:323-32, 1995.

Kok FJ et al. Decreased selenium levels in acute myocardial infarction. JAMA 261;8:1161-4, 1989.

Korpela H et al. Effect of selenium supplementation after acute myocardial infarction. Res Commun Chem Pathol Pharmacol 65:249-52, 1989.

Kose K et al. Plasma selenium levels in rheumatoid arthritis. Biol Trace Elem Res 53: 51-6, 1996.

L'Abbe M, Fischer W, Trick K et al. Dietary Se and tumor glutathione peroxidase and superoxide dismutase activities. J Nutr Biochem 1991; 2: 430-436.

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Longnecker GF. Nutrition and cancer prevention: investigating the role of micronutrients. New York: Marcel Dekker. 1989: p 389-420.

Macpherson A, Scott R, Yates R. The Effect of Selenium Supplementation in Sub-Fertile Males. (Abstract), 8th International Conference on Trace Element Metabolism in Man and Animals, 1993.

Moore JA et al. Selenium concentrations in plasma of patients with arteriographically defined coronary atherosclerosis. Clin Chem 30:1171, 1984

Munthe E, Aaseth J. Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Selenium and Vitamin E. Scan J of Rheumatol 53 (suppl.): 103, 1984.

Oster O et al. The serum selenium concentration of patients with acute myocardial infarction. Ann Clin Res 18;1:36-42, 1986.
Overad K, Thorling EB, Bjerring P, Ebbesen P. Selenium inhibits W-light-induced skin caronogenesis in hairless mice. Cancer Lett 1985; 27: 163-170.

Peretz A, Nève J, Famaey J. Selenium in rheumatic diseases. Semin Arthritis Rheum 20: 305-16, 1991.

Peretz A, Nève J, Duchateau J, Famaey JP. Adjuvant treatment of recent onset rheumatoid arthritis by selenium supplementation: Preliminary observations. Br J Rheumatol 31: 281-6, 1992.

Robinson MF et al. Effect of daily supplements of selenium on patients with muscular complaints in Otago and Canterbury. N Z Med J 93:289- 92, 1981.

Salonen JT et al. Association between cardiovascular death and myocardial infarction and serum selenium in a matched-pair longitudinal study. Lancet ii:175-9, 1982

Salonen JT, Alfthan G, Huttunen JK, Puska P. Association between serum selenium and the risk of cancer. Am J Epidem 1984; 120: 342-349.

Salonen JT et al. Interactions of serum copper, selenium, and low density lipoprotein cholesterol in atherogenesis. Br Med J 302:756-60, 1991.

Schrauzer GN, Sacher J. Selenium in the maintenance and Therapy of HIV-infected patients. Chem Biol Interact 91:199-205, 1994.
Shamberger RJ, Frost DV. rossible protective effect of selenium against human cancer. Can Med Assoc J 1969; 100: 682.

Shamberger RJ. Biochemistry of selenium. New York: Plenum. 1983.

Sklodowska M, Wasowicz W, Gromnadzinska J, et al. Selenium and vitamin E concentrations in plasma and erythrocytes of angina pectoris patients. Trace Elem Med 8:113-17, 1991.

Stead NW et al. Selenium Se balance in the dependent elderly. Am J Clin Nutr 39:677, 1984.

Stone WL et al. Effects of dietary selenium and vitamin E on plasma lipoprotein cholesterol levels in male rats. Ann Nutr Metab 30:94-103, 1986.

Suadicani P, Hein H, Gyntelberg F. Serum selenium concentration and risk of ischaemic heart disease in an prospective cohort study of 3000 males. Atherosclerosis 96:33-42, 1992.

Sunde RA. Molecular biology of selenoproteins. Ann Rev Nutr 1990; 10: 451-474.

Sword J, Pope A, Hoekstra W. Endotoxin and lipid peroxidation in vitro in selenium- and vitamin E-deficient and -adequate rat tissues. J Nutr 1991; 121: 258-264.

Tarp U et al. Low selenium level in severe rheumatoid arthritis. Scand J Rheumatol 14: 97, 1985.

Tarp U et al. Selenium Treatment in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Scandinavian J of Rheumatol 14: 364-8, 1985.

Vanderpas JB, Contempre B, Duale NL et al. Iodine and selenium deficiency associated with cretinism in northern Zaire. Am J Clin Nutr 1990; 52: 1087-1094.

Van Rij AM et al. Selenium deficiency in total parenteral nutrition. Am J Clin Nutr 32:2076-85, 1979.

Virtamo J et al. Serum selenium and the risk of coronary heart disease and stroke. Am J Epidemiol 122:276-82, 1985.

Winnefeld K, Dawczynski H, Schirrmeister W et al. Selenium in serum and whole blood in patients with surgical interventions. Biological Trace Element Res 1995; 50: 149-155.

Wright JV, Ogle DJ, Hoare L. Improvement of vision in macular degeneration associated with intravenous zinc and selenium therapy: two cases. J Nutr Med 1:133-8, 1990.

Yang GQ Wang SZ, Ahou RH, Sun SZ. Endemic selenium intoxication of humans in China. Am J Clin Nutr 1983- 37: 872-881.

Yu SY et al. Chemoprevention trial of human hepatitis with selenium supplementation in China. Biol Trace Elem Res 21; 1-2:15-22, 1989.
Zazzo JF, Chalas J, Lafont A, et al. Is nonobstructive cardiomyopathy in AIDS a selenium deficiency-related disease? Letter. JPEN J Parenter Enteral Nutr 12; (5):537-8, 1988.

Zielonka E et al. Sulfur and selenium levels in the blood of patients with rheumatoid arthritis and ankylosing spondylitis. Reumatologia 20; 3-4: 217-20, 1982.

Örndahl G et al. Myotonic dystrophy and selenium. Acta Med Scand 211:493-9, 1982.

Örndahl G et al. Selenium therapy of myotonic dystrophy. Acta Med Scand 213;3:237-9, 1983.

Örndahl G et al. Myotonic dystrophy treated with selenium and vitamin E. Acta Med Scand 219:409-44, 1986.

Zinc

Aamodt RL, Rumble WF, Johnston GS et al. Absorption of orally administrated 65Zn by normal human subjects. Am J Clin Nutr 1981; 34: 2648-2652.

Bales CW, Freeland-Graves JH, Askey S et al. Zinc, magnesium, copper, and protein concentrations in human saliva. Age- and sex-related differences. Am J Clin Nutr 1990, 51: 462-469.

Balogh Z et al. Plasma Zinc and its relationship to clinical symptoms and drug treatment in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 39(4): 329-32, 1980.

Berg JM, Shi Y. The galvanization of biology. A growing appreciation for the roles of zinc. Science 1996; 271: 1081-1085.

Brody I. Topical treatment of recurrent herpes simplex and post-herpetic erythema multiforme with low concentrations of zinc sulphate solution. Br J Dermatol 104(2):191-4, 1981.

Caselli M, Bicocchi R. Taux serique du zinc chez les malades atteints du syndrome d'immunodeficit acquis. Presse Med 37:1877-8, 1986 (in French).

Cunnigham-Rundles S, Cunningham-Rundles WF. Nutrition and immunology. New York: Alan R. Liss. 1988: p 197-214.

Cousins RJ, Hempe JM. Zinc. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 6th edn. Washington, DC: Nutrition Foundation. 1990: p 251-260.

Cousins RJ. Zinc. In: Present knowledge in nutrition. 7th edn. Washington, DC: Nutrition Foundation. p 293-306, 1996.

Crofton RW et al. Zinc metabolism in celiac disease. Am J Clin Nutr 52; (2):379-82, 1990.

DeBartolo HM Jr. Zinc and diet for tinnitus. Am J Otol 10; 3: 256, 1989.

De Gordon AM. Effects of adjuvant therapy with zinc in human immunodeficiency infection. Abstract. J Am Coll Nutr 11; (5):601, 1992.

De Gordon AM. Evaluation of tissue zinc status through cell-mediated immune response in HIV disease. Abstract. J Am Coll Nutr 11; (5):602, 1992.

Eby GA. Use of topical zinc to prevent recurrent herpes simplex infection: Review of literature and suggested protocols. Med Hypotheses 17:157-65, 1985.

Eby GA. Linearity in dose-response from zinc lozenges in treatment of common colds. J
Pharmacy Technol 11:110-22, 1995.

Engel ED et al. Diabetes melitus: Impaired Wound Healing from Zinc Deficiency. J Am Pod Assoc 71: 536-44, 1981.

Finnerty EF. Topical zincin the treatment of herpes simplex. Cutis 37; (2):130-1, 1986.

Fitzherbert J. Genital herpes and zinc. Med J Aust 1:399, 1979.

Gersdorff M et al. The zinc sulfate overload test in patients suffering from tinnitus associated with low serum zinc. Preliminary report. Acta Otorhinolaryngol Belg 41; 3: 498-505, 1987.

Gersdorff M et al. A clinical correlation between hypozincemia and tinnitus. Arch Otorhinolaryngol 244; 3:190-3, 1987.

Gibson RS, Anderson BM, Scythes CA. Regional differences in hair zinc concentrations. A possible effect of water hardness. Am J Clin Nutr 1983; 37: 37-42.

Godfrey JC, Sloane B, Smith D. Zinc gluconate and the common cold: a controlled clinical study. J Int Med Res 20; 3:234-46, 1992.

Gordon YJ et al. Irreversible inhibition of herpes simplex virus replication in BSC-1 cells by zinc ions. Antimicrob Agents Chemother 8; (3):377-80, 1975.

Grennan DM et al. Serum copper and zinc in rheumatoid arthritis and osteoarthritis. N Z Med J 91; 652: 47-50, 1980.

Hambidge KM. Zinc deficiency in young children. Am J Clin Nutr 1997; 65: 160-161.

Haring BSA, Van Delft W. Changes in the mineral composition of food as a result of cooking in 'hard' and 'soft' waters. Arch Environ Health 1981; 36: 33-35.

Hegazi SM et al. Effect of Zinc Supplementation on Serum Glucose, Insulin, Glucagon, Glucose-6-Phosphatase and Mineral Levels in Diabetics. J Clin Biochem Nutr 12: 209-15, 1992.

Honkanen VEA et al. Plasma zinc and copper concentrations in rheumatoid arthritis: Influence of dietary factors and disease activity. Am J Clin Nutr 54: 1082-6, 1991.

Huber AM, Gershoff SN. Effects of zinc deficiency on the oxidation of retinol and ethanol in rats. J Nutr 10:11:1486-90, 1975.

King JC, Hambidge KM, Westcott JL et al. Daily variation in plasma zinc concentrations in women fed meals at six-hour intervals. J Nutr 1994; 124: 508-516.

King JC. Does poor zinc nutriture retard skeletal growth and mineralization in adolescents? Am J Clin Nutr 1996; 64: 375-376.

Kondo T, Toda Y, Matsui H. Effects of exercise and sleep deprivation on serum zinc. J Trace Elem Exp Med 1990; 3: 324-354, 1990.

Koyama H, Hosokai H, Tamura S et al. Positive association between serum zinc and apolipoprotein A-II concentrations in middle-aged males who regularly consume alcohol. Am J Clin Nutr 57: 657-661, 1993.
Krebs NF, Reidinger CJ, Hartley S et al. Zinc supplementation during lactation. Effects on maternal status and milk zinc concentrations. Am J Clin Nutr 61: 1030-1036, 1995.

Krotkiewski M et al. Zinc and muscle strength and endurance. Acta Physiol Scand 116; 3: 309-11, 1982.
Mahajan S, Prasad A, Brewer G et al. Effect of changes in dietary zinc intake on taste acuity and dark adaptation in normal human subjects. J Trace Elem Exp Med 5: 33-45, 1992.

Mares-Perlman JA et al. Association of zinc and antioxidant nutrients with age-related maculopathy. Arch Ophthalmol 114:991-7, 1996.

Masters DG, Keen CL, Lonnerdal B, Hurley LS. Zinc deficiency teratogenicity. The protective role of maternal tissue catabolism. J Nutr 113: 905-912, 1983.

Mattingly PC et al. Zinc Sulphate in Rheumatoid Arthritis. Ann Rheuma Dis 41: 456-7, 1982.

Meadows NJ, Ruse W, Smith MF et al. Zinc and small babies. Lancet 2: 1135-1137, 1981.

Menkes C-J et al. Traitement de la polyarthrite rheumatoide par le sulfate de zinc par os. Presse Med 7: 760, 1978 (French).

Mobarhan S et al. Dietary zinc deficiency produces electroretinogram ERG abnormalities without depleting total ocular zinc. Fed Proc 43:685, 1984.

Mocchegiani E, Veccia S, Ancarani F, et al. Benefit of Oral Zinc supplementation (as an adjunct to Zidovudine (AZT)) Therapy against Opportunistic Infections in AIDS. Int J Immunopharmacol 17; (9):719-27, 1995.

Moser-Veillon PB, Reynolds RD. A longitudinal study of pyridoxine and zinc supplementation of lactating women. Am Clin Nutr 52: 135-141, 1990.

Mossad SB, Macknin ML, Medendorp SV et al. Zinc gluconate lozenges for treating the common cold. A randomized, placebo controlled study. Ann Intern Med 125: 81-88, 1996.

Mussalo-Rauhamaa H et al. Predictive clinical and laboratory parameters for serum zinc and copper in rheumatoid arthritis. Ann Rheum Dis 47; 10: 816-19, 1988.

Naveh Y et al. Zinc metabolism in rheumatoid arthritis: plasma and urinary zinc and relationship to disease activity. J Rheumatol 24; 4: 643-6, 1997.

Newsome DA, Swartz M, Leone NC, et al. Oral zinc in macular degeneration. Arch Ophthalmol 106:2:192-8, 1988.

Newsome DA et al. Zinc content of human retinal pigment epithelium decreases with age and macular degeneration, but superoxide dismutase activity increases. J Trace Elem Exp Med 8:193-9, 1995.

Nishi Y. Anemia and zinc deficiency in the athlete. J Am Col Nutr 15: 323-324, 1996.

Pandley SP et al. Zinc in rheumatoid arthritis. Indian J Med Res 81: 618-20, 1985.

Peretz A, Nève J, Jeghers O, Pelen F. Zinc distribution in blood components, inflammatory status, and clinical indexes of disease activity during zinc supplementation in inflammatory rheumatic diseases. Am J Clin Nutr 57: 690-4, 1993.

Posacki C, et al. Plasma, Copper, Zinc, and Magnesium Levels in Patients with Premenstrual Tension Syndrome, Acta syndrome : Obstet Gynecol Scand 73; 452-5, 1994.

Prasad ASP. Clinical biochemical and nutritional spectrum of zinc deficiency in human subjects: An update. Nutr Rev 41: 197-208, 1983.

Rangnekar GV, Gamur MS. Serum and urinary zinc levels in urolithiasis. Br J Urology 71:527-9, 1993.

Reunanen A, Knekt P, Marniemi J et al Serum calcium, magnesium, copper and zinc and risk of cardiovascular death. Eur J Clin Nutr 50: 431 - 437, .

Shambaugh GE Jr. Zinc for tinnitus, imbalance, and hearing loss in the elderly. Am J Otol 7; 6:476-7, 1986.

Simmer K, Thompson RP. Maternal zinc and intrauterine growth retardation. Clin Sci 68: 395-399, 1985.

Singal PK, Dhillon KS, Beamish RE, et al. Protective action of zinc against catecholamine-induced myocardial changes. Electrocardiographic and ultrastructural studies. Lab Invest 44:426, 1981.

Soltan MH, Jenkins DM. Maternal and fetal plasma zinc concentration and fetal abnormality. Br J Obstet Gynaecol 89: 56, 1982.

Sandstead HH. WO Atwater memorial lecture. Zinc. Essentially for brain dcvelopment and function. Nutr Rev 1985; 43: 129-137, 1985.

Schauss AG, Bryce-Smith D. Nutrients and brain function. Basil: Karger. p 151-162, 1987.

Shah DR et al. Effect of oral zinc sulphate on serum lipids and lipoproteins in human subjects. Indian J Physiol Pharmacol 32;1:47-50, 1988.

Shambaugh GE Jr - interviewed in Anonymous. Hearing loss may be linked to zinc deficiency. Geriatrics 38; 4:21, 1983.

Shambaugh GE Jr. Zinc for tinnitus, imbalance, and hearing loss in the elderly. Am J Otol. 7: 476-477, 1986.

Shambaugh GE Jr. Zinc. The neglected nutrient. Am J Otol. 10: 156-160, 1989.

Shambaugh GE. Zinc, an essential nutrient for hearing and balance. Int J Biosocial Med Res. 13: 192-199, 1991.

Simkin PA. Oral zinc sulphate in rheumatoid arthritis. Lancet ii: 539-42, 1976.

Simkin PA. Treatment of Rheumatoid Arthritis with Oral Zinc Sulfate. Agents and Actions; (suppl.) 8: 587-95, 1981.

Sturniolo GC, Montino MC, Rossetto L et al. Inhibition of gastric acid secrecion reduces zinc absorption in man. J Am Col Nutr 4: 372-375, 1991.

Svenson KL et al. Reduced zinc in peripheral blood cells from patients with inflammatory connective tissue diseases. Inflammation 9; 2: 189-99, 1985.

Takihara H, Cosentino MJ, Cockett AT. Effect of low-dose androgen and zinc sulfate on sperm motility and seminal zinc levels in infertile men. Urology 22: 160, 1983.

Taper LJ, Oliva JT, Ritchey SJ. Zinc and copper retention during pregnancy. The adequacy of prenatal diets with and without dietary supplementation. Am J Clin Nutr 41: 1184-1192, 1985.

Taylor CM, Bacon JR, Aggett PJ et al. Homeostatic regulation of zinc absorption and endogenous losses in zinc-deprived men. Am J Clin Nutr 53: 755-763, 1991.

Thomas EA, Bailey LB, Kauwell GA et al. Erythrocyte metallothionein response to dietary zinc in humans. J Nutr 122: 2408-2414, 1992.

Tuormaa TE. Adverse effects of zinc deficiency. A review from the literature. J Orthomol Med 10: 149-164, 1995.

Ulshafer RJ. Zinc content in melanosomes of degenerating RPE as measured by X-ray maping. Prog Clin Biol Res 314:131-9, 1989.

Wagner PA, Bailey LB, Christakis GJ, Dinning JS. Serum zinc concentrations in adolescents as related to sexual maturation. Human Nutr. Clin Nutr 39C: 459, 1985.

Zlotkin SH, Casselman CW. Urinary zinc excretion in normal subjects. J Trace Elem Exp Med. 3: 13-21, 1990.

References:
Pizzorno
Werbach
Various books on diseases

(Note: There are still more scientific references on the beneficial effects of vitamins and minerals).

Tamara Thérèsa
MayDay
Denmark
http://www.mayday-info.dk/

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Non si intende far utilizzare le nozioni contenute in queste pagine per scopi diagnostici o prescrittivi.
Per qualsiasi trattamento o diagnosi di malattia, rivolgetevi ad un medico competente.

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